价值与实现：刑事证据规则本质探析

刑事诉讼结构虽然在根本上保障了实体公正的实现 ,但刑事证据规则在功能上有效防止了控辩对抗可能引发的控辩“纠缠” ,其本质在于追求效率价值 ,核心在于禁止提出带有更大虚伪性的证据 ,是实体性规则也是可出示规则。我国现行刑事诉讼结构因较强的职权干预保证了较高的诉讼效率 ,刑事证据规则的功能在很大程度上被吸收 ,当务之急首先是完善交叉询问、举证责任等有关证据运用的程序规则以及确立带有根本意义的自由心证原则 ,刑事证据规则除已有的规定以外 ,应主要增补排除传闻证据规则。超前制定完善的证据法典从刑事诉讼结构发展角度讲也可以作为一种选择     

领导干部写作应树立的文风

领导干部写作是一种基于群体、社会需要的实践活动。因而,要树立求实的文风、求新的文风、求精的文风。     

Potency trends of delta9-THC and other cannabinoids in confiscated marijuana from 1980-1997

The analysis of 35,312 cannabis preparations confiscated in the USA over a period of 18 years for delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (delta9-THC) and other major cannabinoids is reported. Samples were identified as cannabis, hashish, or hash oil. Cannabis samples were further subdivided into marijuana (loose material, kilobricks and buds), sinsemilla, Thai sticks and ditchweed. The data showed that more than 82% of all confiscated samples were in the marijuana category for every year except 1980 (61%) and 1981 (75%). The potency (concentration of delta9-THC) of marijuana samples rose from less than 1.5% in 1980 to approximately 3.3% in 1983 and 1984, then fluctuated around 3% till 1992. Since 1992, the potency of confiscated marijuana samples has continuously risen, going from 3.1% in 1992 to 4.2% in 1997. The average concentration of delta9-THC in all cannabis samples showed a gradual rise from 3% in 1991 to 4.47% in 1997. Hashish and hash oil, on the other hand, showed no specific potency trends. Other major cannabinoids [cannabidiol (CBD), cannabinol (CBN), and cannabichromene (CBC)] showed no significant change in their concentration over the years.     

Analysis of eight STR loci in two Hungarian populations

A collection of eight STR loci (D3S1358, FGA, D8S1179, D21S11, D18S51, D5S818, D13S317, D7S820) was used to generate allele frequency databases for two Hungarian population samples, Caucasians from the Budapest area and Romanies from Baranya county. During the analysis two intermediate sized alleles and a sequence variant allele were observed at the D7S820 locus. All three types of allelic variants were found to have modification (deletion, insertion, transversion) in the same block of a (T)(9) stretch located within the 3' flanking region of each allele, which may indicate a possible higher mutation rate of this (T)(9) block. For the loci D3S1358 and D7S820 the Romany population database showed departures from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The forensic efficiency values for the Romany population were slightly different from those found in the Hungarian Caucasian population. Comparing the allele frequency values by G-statistic, calculating the F(st) indices and with the pairwise comparisons of inter-population variance, the two Hungarian populations could be distinguished using data of the eight STR loci.     

“法轮功”练习者受精神控制的心理分析

邪教“法轮功”在世纪末的兴起和发展,有着一定的社会心理基础,迎合了一些人的实际需要,既有历史的巧合,又有现实的矛盾;既有迷信的沉淀,也有道德的困惑。“法轮功”练习者对“法轮功”的认识大体上经历了“知、信、求”三个阶段,当然每一个练习者的表现会有所不同。从动机上分析,有实用型、信仰型、盲目型、泄恨型和牟利型五种情况,但无论是出于何种动机,每一个参加“法轮功”练习的人必定是从中获得了某种需要的满足,才能促使他们以较为坚定的毅力坚持练功,而这种不断获得,不断反馈,又不断强化练功动机的过程也正是他们在心理上受“法轮功”及李洪志本人不断影响与操纵的过程。李洪志利用“法轮功”对广大练习者实行精神控制,并通过教主崇拜、邪说恐吓、群体效应予以实施,进而实现邪教反社会的目的。     

体外培养FBs损伤模型的建立及细胞免疫组化研究

首次应用培养人胎肺成纤维细胞 (FBs)损伤模型 ,体外研究创缘FBs合成细胞型纤维连接蛋白 (cellu larfibronectins,cFn)的变化与损伤时间的关系。结果表明 ,损伤使处于静息状态的融合FBs成为具有运动能力和增殖能力的活跃细胞。应用免疫组化ABC法结合图像分析技术 ,观察伤后不同时间创缘FBs内cFn的含量变化。伤后 1h ,可以检测到cFn有变化 ,且在伤后 6h内 ,cFn逐渐增多 ,其变化与损伤时间呈正相关。这对今后应用cFn与损伤时间推断的研究提供了科学依据 ,同时为法医学损伤时间研究开辟了新的途径。     

损伤对培养人胎肺FBs分泌Fn的影响及与损伤时间的关系

为了探讨损伤对FBs分泌Fn的影响及与损伤时间的关系 ,在本室建立的体外培养人FBs损伤模型的基础上 ,应用酶联免疫组织化学检测技术 (双抗体夹心法ELISA)对损伤后不同时间培养液中Fn的含量变化进行检测 ,结果表明 :伤后培养人胎肺FBs合成分泌的cFn的量 ,在伤后6h内与损伤时间呈正相关。     

“中国罪犯DNA数据库“模式库:13个STR位点基因在中国人群中的分布

目的:对D3S1358、vWA、FGA、D8S1179、D21S11、D18S51、D5S818、D13S317、D16S539、THO1、TPOX、CSF1PO、D7S820等13个STR位点进行多态性调查,探索其用于"罪犯DNA数据库"的可行性.方法:用多重PCR和四色荧光自动化检测技术分析13个STR位点的基因型,计算各位点等位基因的分布频率.结果:获得13个STR位点在中国南北汉族、维吾尔族、回族人群中的等位基因分布频率资料.结论:上述位点适合作为中国人群的遗传学标志,用于"中国罪犯DNA数据库"的建立.     

侦查中的网上犯罪信息调查和搜集

网上犯罪信息具有瞬时性、隐蔽性、混杂性等特点。网上犯罪信息调查包括利用被害人提供的相关信息查找犯罪嫌疑人,对被害人和犯罪嫌疑人的上网行为进行调查,搜集被害人和犯罪嫌疑人所使用过的计算机上的信息,搜集被害人和犯罪嫌疑人的网络聊天记录,搜集被害人和犯罪嫌疑人所收发的电子邮件,搜集可疑的网上购物和销售方面的记录,搜集在各网站BBS有关未破案件的发贴和留言,搜集网络游戏方面的记录,搜集各网站关于尚在侦查中的案件的相关信息。