Procedural justice and the judge–probationer relationship in a co-occurring disorders court

Although a considerable amount of research has been conducted on treatment-based courts, there is little quantitative evidence that describes the relationship between the judge and the probationer. The present study examines perceptions of the judge–probationer relationship (JPR), procedural justice, and outcome satisfaction within a co-occurring disorders court (CODC) in Orange County, California. Based on interview and survey data from a sample of probationers within the CODC (n = 24), this article argues that perceptions of procedural justice are linked to perceptions of relationship quality between the judge and probationer. Analysis of the data found that probationers in the CODC have very positive views of their relationships with the judge, and elements of relationship quality are significantly linked with perceptions of procedural justice. Procedural justice is also a predictor of satisfaction with outcome in this sample. The results show promise that procedural justice and the quality of the judge–probationer relationship can positively affect probationers with co-occurring disorders in specialty courts.     

New relaxed regulatory regime for private international charities: the Manx Private Charitable Foundation

The Manx Private Charitable Foundation has become a highly attractivevehicle for private charitable arrangements following on a changein the regulatory legislation in the Isle of Man in 2008, especiallywhere there is no UK inheritance tax or US estate and gift taxissues for donors. In the Isle of Man which has its own unique legal system, since1986 non-local charities have been almost impossible to establish,consequent upon the passing of the Charities Registration Act1986. However, with the adoption of the Charities (Exemption)Regulation 2008 that has now changed. Manx law has followed English law in the past. However, thenew English legislation of 2006 has not been followed. The old‘Pemsel Case’     

FROM GREAT NATION TO GREAT POWER

As the People’s Republic of China crests 70 years and is expected to become a great power, there are at least six questions that should be asked of it or any other nation that seeks such a distinction:First, is it committed to good causes, with an eye on both the present and the future, and especially attentive to those who are most vulnerable and least powerful? Second , does it enjoy the support of most of its people, including economic and cultural stakeholders, and does it provide them eans for validating their support and including them in decision-making?     

Stayingthe Course

The annual sessions of the 13th National People's Congress and the 13th National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, or Two Sessions, that concluded in mid March reflected a general acknowledgement in Beijing that some of the great challenges expected to emerge in the new era have already surfaced, not necessarily sooner than anticipated, but in a difficult combination.     

Marx and Confucius

正The intersection between communism and datong It is sometimes argued by critics of Marxism that China today is and perhaps has long been more Confucian than Marxist.Contrarily,some have joked that Confucius was the first Chinese Marxist,and that the"socialist market"conditions we see today in China fi t logically into both classical Marxist and