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21.
Schmitt Manfred Behner Robert Montada Leo Müller Lothar Müller-Fohrbrodt Gisela 《Social Justice Research》2000,13(4):313-337
Two cross-sectional questionnaire studies were conducted to replicate and extend previous research on the existential guilt reaction. In Study I, gender was considered as a privilege. Male student participants (N = 141) were confronted with the low proportion of women in high-ranking positions and asked to appraise this situation. Self-reported behavior, behavioral intentions, and appeal to authorities aimed at advancing equal opportunities for both genders served as criterion variables. Path analyses were performed to explore the correlation structure among the variables. Self-reported behavior depended most strongly on behavioral intentions and on belief in control. Behavioral intentions depended most strongly on existential guilt. This effect accords to previous existential guilt research. Ethnicity and education were considered as privileges in Study II. Privileged Paraguayan students (N = 80) were confronted with the disadvantageous living conditions of Indians and Campesinos. They were asked to appraise the situation. Behavioral intentions and appeal to authorities directed at improving the living conditions of Indians and Campesinos served as criteria. As in Study I, existential guilt was the strongest predictor of behavioral intentions. Study II revealed the role of values in the process of existential guilt and prosocial behavior. This is a new research finding. Indirect effects of the two values of universalism and benevolence on behavioral intentions were obtained. The effect of universalism was mediated by existential guilt and moral outrage, the effect of benevolence was mediated by injustice and existential guilt. Tradition had a negative indirect effect on behavioral intentions. This effect was mediated by justification of deprivation and probably means that adherence to tradition eases the justification of traditionally existing social inequalities in a society. 相似文献
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Manfred Burgstaller Roland Kier Marcus Klamert Martina Eliskases 《Juristische Bl?tter》2011,133(10):678-680
24.
Mályusz V Schmidt M Simeoni E Poetsch M Schwark T Oehmichen M von Wurmb-Schwark N 《Archiv für Kriminologie》2007,220(1-2):25-35
Autosomal STR typing alone seems to be no sufficient tool for resolving deficiency cases (e.g. cases of questioned paternity or half-sibships). Therefore, we investigated whether the additional analysis of RFLP single locus probes can improve the solution of such complicated kinship cases. We analyzed 207 children and men from 101 families using the AmpFlSTRIdentifiler multiplex PCR kit and three RFLP single locus probes. A comparison between each child and all unrelated men resulted in 11,023 man / child pairs. Less than three excluding STRs were found in 125 child / unrelated man pairs (1.13%). Additional analysis of RFLP results reduced the number of ambiguous cases to 35. Half-sibling pairs were simulated using STR results from 20 cases with high paternity probabilities (group 1) and relatively low paternity probabilities (group 2). Using a commercially available computer program we calculated probabilities for 778 half-sibling pairs. In 35 pairs (4.49%) half-sibling probabilities over 90.0% could be calculated. Additional investigation of RFLP single locus probes did not lead to a more reliable evaluation of these results. The combined investigation of autosomal STRs and RFLP single locus probes can satisfactorily solve deficient paternities but does not contribute to the solution of questioned half-sibships. 相似文献
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When two human corpses are found in temporal and locational context the assumption of a non-natural cause of death is close at hand. Suicide, extended suicide, homicide or accident (particularly with carbon monoxide) come to mind. When, however, a natural cause of death emerges for both after autopsy and further examinations, this provokes the question whether this incidence is coincidental. In our two presented cases, a married couple each was found dead together. In both cases, the wife needed nursing and was being cared for by a husband who died of cardiac disease shortly before the wife died. In one case, the wife died of acute uncompensated chronic congestive heart failure. In the other case, the cause of death of the wife was hypovolemic shock due to acute gastrointestinal bleeding from recurrent gastric mucosal erosion. It is to be discussed for both cases whether, given the pre-existing illness, the acute stress of the situation in view to the husbands' death may at least have favored the occurrence of death and may, thus, have led to the criminologically conspicuous situation of finding. 相似文献
28.
Manfred Tietzel 《European Journal of Law and Economics》2001,12(3):159-171
Common-pool allocation systems do not have the best of reputations in economic literature, since they are normally connected with the dissipation of rents. The present case study argues that in the case of procurement and allocation of human organ transplants a reciprocal common-pool allocation system is superior other systems, including market allocation. 相似文献
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At Time 1, 171 students were administered questionnaires for measuring sensitivity to befallen injustice (SBI), trait anger,
anger in, anger out, anger control, self-assertiveness, and attitudes toward principles of distributive justice (equality
of chances, equity). Two months later (Time 2), 75 of these subjects were treated unfairly in a laboratory situation dealing
with competition and achievement behavior. Two justice principles were violated: the equality of chances principle and the
equity principle. Four weeks later (Time 3), 32 subjects evaluated the unfair treatment in retrospect. All three occasions
were presented as independent studies with the subjects perceiving no connection between them. In line with our hypotheses,
we found that immediate and delayed reactions to the unjust treatments depended to a considerable degree on SBI. For example,
the combined score of the SBI questionnaire predicted, with a beta weight of .71, a combined rating of three experts who used
various sources of objective information (e.g., tape-recorded interactions between subject and experimenter) to estimate the
degree to which the subject displayed emotional, verbal, and behavioral resentment against the unfair treatment. At the same
time, measures for other constructs (e.g., assertiveness, trait anger, anger expression), which can also be linked theoretically
to the criteria, explained either none or a much smaller proportion of variance in reactions to unjust treatment. 相似文献