New Phase of Energy Cooperation

The "loan-for-oil" agreement and other energy cooperation help shield China and Russia from the global economy’s ups and downs     

政府失灵的又一种救治途径——一种不同于公共选择理论的分析

公共选择理论认为政治市场与经济市场一样,官员也是追求自身利益最大化的"经济人",这与官员作为公共利益的代表存在持久的冲突,并导致政府失灵,进而得出结论是:市场失灵并不是政府干预的充分条件,政府应尽量减少干预,最大限度地约束政府的权力范围。但是笔者以为,对于市场经济已经非常成熟而且官僚制业已达到极致的西方发达国家是适用的而且实践证明是成功的。但对于我国而言,减少干预只是解决问题的一个很小的方面,因为"后发外生型"国家要实现跨越式发展,没有政府的大量干预和推动是不可能实现的。解决问题的关键在于在政府利益与公共利益之间建立起一整套激励共容机制,这样政府利益不仅不会损害公共利益,反而更能促进公共利益。     

A Bloc in Doubt

Six decades after its founding, NATO is gingerly embracing a new vision NATO, which turned 60 on April 4, held its 24th summit in Baden-Baden and Kehl, Germany, and in Strasbourg, France, on April 3-4. In the 60-year history of the military     

论全球化的发展趋势

全球化是一个不以人的意志为转移的历史发展潮流.随着科学技术的进步、市场经济的世界化以及全球性问题的增多,当前全球化的发展正在加速.尽管全球化在经济领域表现得最显著、发展最迅猛,但它决不只仅限于经济领域,而必然要延伸到政治、文化等其它领域中去.     

How time influences franchise contracts: the Spanish case

This article builds a simple theoretical model for the optimal expected length of a franchise contract. The main outcome is that fixed specific investment positively impacts contract duration confirming previous theoretical conjectures. Additionally, other variables such us the price–cost margin of the franchise, the brand name or the discount factor also play a relevant role. The empirical analysis using a large sample of franchises operating in Spain confirms the main conclusions of the model. However, the connection found between investment and duration, although statistically robust, is weak from an economic point of view. This result suggests the possibility that, in general, most franchisees are not in equilibrium because of the high standardization of this contract term across franchises. In these cases, the expectation of renewal is likely to be a crucial element of adjustment.     

Genetic data analysis of nine STRs in two Caribbean Colombian populations: César and Guajira.

POPULATION: We have analyzed the distribution of the allele frequencies and parameters of forensic interest at nine short tandem repeat (STR) loci (CSF1PO, D3S1358, D5S818, D7S820, D13S317, FGA, TH01, TPOX, and vWA) in a sample population of 165 unrelated individuals from César and Guajira, Caribbean populations of Colombia.     

Genetic analysis of the Amerindian Kichwas and Afroamerican descendents populations from Ecuador characterised by 15 STR-PCR polymorphisms

Allele frequency data for the 15 STR systems and Amelogenine were determined in a population sample of healthy Amerinidian Kichwas and Blacks individuals. All loci met Hardy–Weinberg expectations and the high discrimination power of combined system showed the forensic efficiency of these genetic markers.