Entomological and Cardiologic Evidence of Time Since Death in Short Postmortem Intervals

Estimating the time since death of the deceased is a main goal in forensic investigations, but this can be challenging due to contradictory results derived from different investigations at the scene of death. We present a case of a 78‐year‐old woman, found dead in a small forest with broad‐leaved trees, whose husband had a history of domestic violence. Routinely performed investigations, such as postmortem rectal temperature and lividity, yielded inconsistent time since death results between only a few and longer than 20 h. This difficulty was most likely caused by high ambient temperatures of up to 38.0°C, which negatively influenced the informative value of the applied nomogram method. Additionally, performed entomological investigation of fly maggots (Lucilia illustris) recovered from the corpse and the assessment of heart pacemaker data revealed consistent and incontrovertible results. The presented case highlights the benefits of information provided by entomological investigations and data evaluation of cardiac implantable electronic devices and the combined use of the two techniques.     

Richtlinienkonforme Auslegung und unmittelbare Wirkung von EG-Richtlinien in der Rechtsprechung der österreichischen Höchstgerichte

Die unmittelbare Wirkung von EG-Richtlinien sowie die Auslegung nationalen Rechts in ihrem Licht sind Instrumente zur Herstellung von Gemeinschaftsrechtskonformit?t, die in der Rechtsprechung der ?sterreichischen H?chstgerichte sehr h?ufig zur Anwendung kommen. Der vorliegende Beitrag soll einerseits den, mancherorts immer noch bestrittenen, "Vorrang" der richtlinienkonformen Auslegung argumentativ untermauern sowie zur Kl?rung offener Fragen zu Zul?ssigkeit und Durchführung richtlinienkonformer Rechtsfortbildung beitragen. Weiters soll gezeigt werden, dass die H?chstgerichte sowohl in der methodisch notwendigen Abgrenzung der beiden Instrumente als auch der konkreten Anwendung richtlinienkonformer Auslegung nicht sehr einheitlich und nur wenig transparent urteilen.     

Electoral cycles,partisan effects and US naturalization policies

Public Choice - Using a panel of naturalizations in the United States from 1965 to 2012, we empirically analyze the impact of elections on naturalization policy. Our results indicate that...     

Book reviews

The following books are reviewed.

Men of letters, writing lives: masculinity and literary auto/biography in the late victorian period TREV LYNN BROUGHTON, 1999 London: Routledge. 213 pp., ISBN 0 415 08211 0 hardback, £60.00 0 415 08212 9 paperback, £19.99

Adapting to Capitalism: working women in the English economy, 1700–1850 PAMELA SHARPE, 1996, 2000 London: Macmillan. xi + 226 pp., ISBN 0 333 91901 7

Women, Gender and Industrialisation in England, 1700–1870 KATRINA HONEYMAN, 2000 London: Macmillan. vii + 204 pp., £15.50

Breadwinning: New Zealand women and the state MELANIE NOLAN, 2000 Christchurch: Canterbury University Press. 386 pp., ISBN 0 908812 97 3, NZ$39.95

Working-class Culture, Women and Britain, 1914–1921 CLAIRE A. CULLERTON, 2000 London: Macmillan. xii + 221 pp., ISBN 0 333 91290 X

Austerity in Britain: rationing, controls, and consumption 1939–1955 INA ZWEINIGER-BARGIELOWSKA, 2000 Oxford: Oxford University Press. xiii + 286 pp., ISBN 0 19 820453 1, £40.00

Seeing History: public history in Britain now HILDA KEAN, PAUL MARTIN, SALLY J. MORGAN (Eds), 2000 London: Francis Boutle. 193 pp., ISBN 0 9532388 9 X, paperback, £10.00

Migrant Daughter: coming of age as a Mexican American woman FRANCES ESQUIBEL TYWONIAK & MARIO T. GARCIA, 2000 Berkeley: University of California Press. 237 pp., ISBN 0 526 21915 5

The Matriarchs of England's Co-operative Movement: a study in gender politics and female leadership, 1883–1921 BARBARA J. BLASZAK, 2000 London, Greenwood Press. ix + 209 pp., ISBN 0 313 30995 7

Dirt and Desire: reconstructing Southern women's writing, 1930–1990 PAULINE YAEGER, 2000 Chicago: University of Chicago Press. xvii+324 pp., ISBN 0 226 94491 3 paperback, £12.53     

Book reviews

Sylvia Plath's sources

Sylvia Plath: Method and Madness, by Edward Butscher, New York, Seabury Press, 388 pp. $15.95.

Chapters in a Mythology: The Poetry of Sylvia Plath. by Judith Kroll. Harper & Row, New York. 303 pp. $12.50.

Victorian Pudding

Women and Marriage in Victorian Fiction. New York: Oxford University Press, 1976. Pp 223.

Out of obscurity

The Woman and the Myth: Margaret Fuller's Life and Writings, by Bell Gale Chevigny, The Feminist Press, 1976.

Celebratory scholarship

The Authority of Experience: Essays in Feminist Criticism, edited by Arlyn Diamond and Lee R. Edwards, University of Massachusetts Press, 1977.

The Lay of the Land, by Annette Kolodny.

A Literature of Their Own. by Elaine Showalter

The Feminization of American Culture, by Ann Douglas     

Successful and failed democratic transitions from military rule in majority Muslim societies: the cases of Indonesia and Egypt

As majority Muslim societies with significant minorities and dominant militaries, Indonesia and Egypt experienced strikingly similar political trajectories between the early 1950s and the late 1990s. Yet, their respective democratic transitions have seen vastly different outcomes: while Indonesia solidified its democracy by extracting the military from politics, Egypt's democratic experiment ended after only two years with the return of the armed forces to the apex of government. This article highlights the reasons for this divergence. Contrary to existing scholarship that exclusively focuses on different geographical or economic circumstances, this contribution emphasises dissimilarities in the patterns of authoritarian rule, military organisation, intra-civilian conflict and international support. Conceptually, the discussion locates the Indonesian and Egyptian cases within the broader debate on civilian control in post-authoritarian states, arguing that this discourse needs to pay more attention to the creation of intra-civilian agreements on fundamental issues of governance as the best strategy to establish strong democratic oversight over the armed forces.     

North Korea's foreign economic relations

Many debates about engagement with North Korea hinge on theprecise nature of North Korea's foreign economic relations:whether trade and investment are on commercial or non-commercialterms; the extent of illicit activities, and the changing geographicpatterns of North Korea's trade. This article provides an effortto reconstruct North Korea's foreign economic relations, subordinatingour estimates to the discipline of the balance of payments accountingframework. Among the most salient findings for the debate aboutengagement and sanctions is that North Korea's trade and investmenthave continued to increase despite the onset of the nuclearcrisis and a decline in illicit activities. This growth hasoccurred in part because of the growing weight of China andSouth Korea in trade, aid, and investment. We also find thateconomic relations between North and South Korea have a substantiallygreater non-commercial component than those occurring acrossthe China–North Korea border. Received for publication November 29, 2007. Accepted for publication April 7, 2008.     

Analytical units in federal and provincial governments: origins,functions and suggestions for effectiveness

Abstract: This paper presents an overview of the organizational entities (individuals and groups) within government which provide information, analysis, and advice to senior officials and politicians. These entities are referred to as analytical units. Much of the existing Canadian literature on such units has focused on policy units and evaluation units at the federal level. This paper extends the analysis to the provincial level and to a wider range of analytical activities. A major focus of this paper is on social policy ministries at the federal and provincial levels. A historical overview of the development of analytical units, based on the existing literature, is presented. As little has been written about these units in Canada since the early 1980s, the authors provide an update to the 1990s and project some possible future trends. The reasons for the development of analytical units are presented along with a discussion of their structural location and how they function within their host organizations. A considerable overlap exists in the analytical functions carried out by these units. A mapping of this overlap is presented and discussed. There appears to be a clustering of analytical activities into a three-part continuum of: forward-looking activities such as policy formulation/analysis and planning; ongoing activities to ensure organizational efficiency and effectiveness such as internal audit and operational review; and technical and evaluative activities such as research and evaluation. Based on their analysis, the authors present five suggestions regarding how staff in analytical units may be able to increase their contribution to their organizations and five suggestions, for the consideration of senior officials, regarding how they may be able to enhance the quality of the analysis they receive from their analytical units. Sommaire: Cet article présente un aperçu des entités organisationnelles (personnes ou groupes) situées au sein du gouvernement et fournissant renseignements, analyse et conseils aux hauts fonctionnaires et aux politiciens. On donne ici à ces entités le nom d» unités d'analyse «. Une forte proportion des articles et études existant au Canada à leur sujet porte sur les unités de politiques et les unités d'évaluation à l'échelon fédéral. Le présent article étend la portée de cette littéature à l'échelon provincial ainsi quà une gamme plus vaste d'activités d'analyse. Il présente un aperçu historique du développement de ces unités, basé sur la littérature existante. Puisque trés peu a étéécrit sur ce sujet au Canada depuis le début des années 1980, les auteurs offrent une mise à jour allant jusquaux années 1990 et présentent une projection de tendances futures possibles. Ils expliquent les raisons justifiant le développement de ces unités et examinent leur place ainsi que leur mode de fonctionnement au sein des organismes hôtes. Il y a un chevauchement considérable des fonctions analytiques exécutées par ces unités. Les auteurs délimitent ce chevauchement et l'examinent de plus prés. Les activités analytiques se regroupent dans un continuum comportant trois parties distinctes: les activités prévisionnelles telles que la formulation, l'analyse et la planification des politiques, les activités courantes visant à assurer l'efficacité organisationnelle, telles que la vérification interne et la révision opérationnelle; enfin, les activités techniques et d'évaluation telles que la recherche et l'évaluation. Les auteurs présentent certaines propositions qui permettraient au personnel des unités d'analyse d'améliorer leur apport à leurs organisations. En conclusion, l'article offre certaines suggestions à l'intention des hauts fonctionnaires, pour leur permettre éventuellement d'ameéliorer la qualité des analyses qu'ils reçoivent de leur propre organisation.