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Kevin T. Jackson 《Law and Philosophy》1993,12(2):157-192
This article asks whether a “law-as-integrity” approach to human rights adjudication provides a theoretical framework within
which to make sense of authoritative regional interpretations of basic human rights for the global community. To focus analysis,
I consider U.S. court interpretations of international human rights as an interpretive context. I argue that, with appropriate
modification so as to include the world community as a “community of principle” for purposes of human rights adjudication,
the law-as-integrity perspective permits disputes surrounding the legality of human rights to revolve around competing interpretive
claims backed up by justifying legal theories, rather than as ideological battles external to a juridical philosophy of rights. 相似文献
135.
136.
The relationships between childhood sexual abuse, social anxiety, and symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder were examined
in a sample of 313 undergraduate women. Thirty-one percent of the women reported some form of sexual abuse in childhood. Women
with a history of sexual abuse reported more symptoms of anxiety, distress in social situations, and posttraumatic stress
disorder than other women. Women who experienced attempted or actual intercourse reported more avoidance than women with no
history of abuse and women with exposure only, and more PTSD symptoms than all other groups of women. Women who experienced
fondling reported more PTSD symptoms than women with no history of abuse. Pressure, age of onset of abuse, abuse by a family
friend, and abuse by other perpetrators were all significant abuse characteristics in predicting adult social anxiety. Implications
of these results for research and interventions are discussed. 相似文献
137.
The issues of violence and trauma over the past 20 years have generated a significant amount of research. However, the development of each field has remained, for the most part, exclusive from the other. Therefore, the goal of this article is to address this shortcoming within the literature by responding to three important questions: (a) What is the most important thing we have learned about violence and trauma in the past 20 years? (b) What is the most important thing we need to learn in the next 10 years? and (c) What is the most promising methodological innovation in the past 20 years for the study or treatment of trauma or interpersonal violence? This article concludes that by increasing the discourse between the two fields, both research fields may be better able to develop conceptually, methodologically, and empirically. 相似文献
138.
Miles MS Holditch-Davis D Pedersen C Eron JJ Schwartz T 《Journal of prevention & intervention in the community》2007,33(1-2):35-50
This study identified factors associated with emotional distress in 109 African American women with HIV. The relationship of personal factors (demographic, social conflict, social support, and spirituality), health-related factors (perception of health, physical and mental health problems, and years diagnosed), and cognitive/coping responses (stigma, worry, and emotion focused coping) on depressive symptoms and mood state was examined. Younger age, more social conflict, less social support, lower perception of health, and more HIV worry were associated with higher depressive symptom scores. Variables most often affecting various mood states included personal factors (public housing, unemployment, and social conflict) and worry about having HIV worry. 相似文献
139.
Jackson SA Mammel MK Patel IR Mays T Albert TJ LeClerc JE Cebula TA 《Forensic science international》2007,168(2-3):183-199
Here, we describe a novel microarray-based approach for investigating the genomic diversity of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in a semi-high throughput manner using a high density, oligonucleotide-based microarray. This microarray, designed to detect polymorphisms at each of 60,000 base-pair (bp) positions within an E. coli genome, is composed of overlapping 29-mer oligonucleotides specific for 60 equally spaced, 1000-bp loci of the E. coli O157:H7 strain EDL933 chromosome. By use of a novel 12-well microarray that permitted the simultaneous investigation of 12 strains, the genomes of 44 individual isolates of E. coli O157:H7 were interrogated. These analyses revealed more than 150 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and several deletions and amplifications in the test strains. Pyrosequencing was used to confirm the usefulness of the novel SNPs by determining their allelic frequency among a collection of diverse isolates of E. coli O157:H7. The tiling DNA microarray system would be useful for the tracking and identification of individual strains of E. coli O157:H7 needed for forensic investigations. 相似文献
140.
Vertus Saint‐Louis Ph.D. Jensen O. Auguste B.S. Bruce A. Jackson Ph.D. 《Journal of forensic sciences》2012,57(6):1457-1466
Abstract: Very little genetic data exist on Haitians, an estimated 1.2 million of whom, not including illegal immigrants, reside in the United States. The absence of genetic data on a population of this size reduces the discriminatory power of criminal and missing‐person DNA databases in the United States and Caribbean. We present a forensic population study that provides the first genetic data set for Haiti. This study uses hypervariable segment one (HVS‐1) mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) nucleotide sequences from 291 subjects primarily from rural areas of northern and southern Haiti, where admixture would be minimal. Our results showed that the African maternal genetic component of Haitians had slightly higher West‐Central African admixture than African‐Americans and Dominicans, but considerably less than Afro‐Brazilians. These results lay the foundation for further forensic genetics studies in the Haitian population and serve as a model for forensic mtDNA identification of individuals in other isolated or rural communities. 相似文献