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891.
Elizabeth L. Jeglic Cynthia Calkins Mercado Jill S. Levenson 《American Journal of Criminal Justice》2012,37(1):46-59
Little research has investigated the prevalence of mood disturbance among sex offenders despite the fact that psychological
distress may bear some relationship to community reintegration, and ultimately, recidivism. All offenders on New Jersey’s
sex offender Internet registry were mailed surveys about their experiences with, and perceptions of, notification and residence
restriction statutes, the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II), and the Beck Hopelessness Scale (BHS). On average, respondents
(N = 104) reported mild to moderate levels of depressive symptoms (M
BDI = 17.1) and hopelessness (M
BHS = 6.9). Additionally, offenders who reported being negatively affected by residence restrictions and notification statutes
reported higher levels of both depression and hopelessness. Given evidence that sex offender specific legislation may de-stabilize
offenders, this research highlights the importance of managing affective states in this population. 相似文献
892.
893.
Presidential candidates regularly use crime issues to help win electoral support. Contrary to conventional wisdom, crime control
became an issue in the 2008 presidential campaign. Despite decreasing crime rates and public opinion focused only temporarily
on illegal immigration, the three major presidential candidates (Obama, Clinton, & McCain) discussed many anticrime initiatives
during the campaign. Unlike past research which has found presidential candidates use primarily symbolic rhetoric in their
anticrime rhetoric, all three presidential candidates in the 2008 presidential election were found to have employed tangible
statements. The article discusses the different findings, making recommendations for future research. 相似文献
894.
895.
Claus Oetke 《Journal of Indian Philosophy》2012,40(4):371-394
The publication deals with topics concerning the interpretation of the Vigrahavyāvartanī in as much as they are relevant for the understanding of (early) Madhyamaka-philosophy in general. A major part of the article is dedicated to a critical assessment of a number of views which have been propagated recently in a paper by Sharma (In: Nagoya studies in Indian culture and Buddhism, Saṃbhāṣā, 2011). A primary goal of the present investigation consists in substantiating the claim that early Madhyamaka represents a metaphysical teaching which stands in sharp contrast not only to stances of common sense but also to tenets propagated in Buddhist dogmatics. 相似文献
896.
Paolo Feltracco M.D. Stefania Barbieri M.D. Helmut Galligioni M.D. Laura Pasin M.D. Rosa Maria Gaudio M.D. Aurelio Tommasi M.D. Alessandro Zucchetto M.D. Paride Trevisiol M.D. Carlo Ori Ph.D. Francesco Maria Avato Ph.D. 《Journal of forensic sciences》2012,57(6):1656-1658
Abstract: The growth in popularity of flying ultralight aircraft and paragliding has been associated with an increased involvement of Emergency Medical Services because of various types of trauma suffered from both inexperienced and skilled individuals. This case presentation reports on a paraglider pilot, who was seen spinning “unusually” rapidly toward the ground, without visible attempts to regain control of the aircraft. Besides the bilateral mydriasis and the absence of any ECG activity, there was a significant swelling of face, lips, neck, and tongue. Upon opening the mouth, a dead bee was found over the tongue, underneath the palate. A fatal anaphylactic shock was the likely cause of death of the pilot while still “in mid‐air.” This case is certainly different from the commonly reported accidents during paragliding. An updated review of the medical literature shows no reported cases of fatal anaphylactic shock during the practice of paragliding. 相似文献
897.
Pichini S De Luca R Pellegrini M Marchei E Rotolo MC Spoletini R D'Aloja P Pacifici R Mortali C Scaravelli G 《Forensic science international》2012,218(1-3):57-61
For the first time in Europe hair and urine testing have been applied to assess drugs of abuse consumption in couples undergoing assisted reproductive technology and the eventual association of toxic habits with other lifestyle, health status and sociodemographic factors was also investigated. Couples attending five assisted reproduction centers in Rome were invited to join the study. When they presented at the Centre for the visit, they were asked to answer a structured questionnaire concerning sociodemographic characteristics and lifestyle habits, and at the same time to provide hair and urine samples. Hair and urine testing for drugs of abuse, urinary profile of principal endogenous steroids involved in fertility process (testosterone, epitestosterone, androsterone, etiocholanolone and dehydroepiandrosterone) and of alcohol and tobacco smoke biomarkers were performed with validated methodologies. Of the 594 enrolled individuals (297 couples), 352 (164 couples and 24 single individuals from the couple) completed the questionnaire and gave both hair and urine samples, apart from 3 bald men, who only gave urine samples. Urine testing showed an overall 4.8% (17 individuals) positivity to drugs of abuse: 4.2% to cannabinoids, 1.4% to cocaine and 0.85% to both drugs. Results of 4cm segment hair samples testing matched those from urine samples. Thus, taking together, results of urine and hair testing confirmed repeated use of cannabis, cocaine and both drugs in 3.7, 0.85 and 0.57% examined individuals, respectively. Drug consumers were in a statistically higher percentage active smokers and alcohol drinkers, less prone to physical activity and with a trend towards higher weight than non consumers. Finally, repeated drug consumption was associated with significant lower concentration of urinary testosterone in males and of urinary dehydroepiandrosterone in females. The findings of the present study confirm the suitability of urine testing to disclose recent drugs of abuse consumption and of hair analysis to verify repeated consumption. Association between different toxic habits and sedentary lifestyle is also substantiated by the obtained results in our cohort of couples attending assisted reproduction centers. 相似文献
898.
Kingbäck M Karlsson L Zackrisson AL Carlsson B Josefsson M Bengtsson F Ahlner J Kugelberg FC 《Forensic science international》2012,214(1-3):124-134
Venlafaxine (VEN) is an antidepressant drug mainly metabolized by the cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzyme CYP2D6 to the active metabolite O-desmethylvenlafaxine (ODV). VEN is also metabolized to N-desmetylvenlafaxine (NDV) via CYP3A4. ODV and NDV are further metabolized to N,O-didesmethylvenlafaxine (DDV). VEN is a racemic mixture of the S- and R-enantiomers and these have in vitro displayed different degrees of serotonin and noradrenaline reuptake inhibition. The aim of the study was to investigate if an enantioselective analysis of VEN and its metabolites, in combination with genotyping for CYP2D6, could assist in the interpretation of forensic toxicological results in cases with different causes of deaths. Concentrations of the enantiomers of VEN and metabolites were determined in femoral blood obtained from 56 autopsy cases with different causes of death. The drug analysis was done by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) and the CYP2D6 genotyping by PCR and pyrosequencing. The mean (median) enantiomeric S/R ratios of VEN, ODV, NDV and DDV were 0.99 (0.91), 2.17 (0.93), 0.92 (0.86) and 1.08 (1.03), respectively. However, a substantial variation in the relationship between the S- and R-enantiomers of VEN and metabolites was evident (S/R ratios ranging from 0.23 to 17.6). In six cases, a low S/R VEN ratio (mean 0.5) was associated with a high S/R ODV ratio (mean 11.9). Genotyping showed that these individuals carried two inactive CYP2D6 genes indicating a poor metabolizer phenotype. From these data we conclude that enantioselective analysis of VEN and ODV can predict if a person is a poor metabolizer genotype/phenotype for CYP2D6. Knowledge of the relationship between the S- and R-enantiomers of this antidepressant drug and its active metabolite is also important since the enantiomers display different pharmacodynamic profiles. 相似文献
899.
Examining Rapport in Investigative Interviews with Suspects: Does its Building and Maintenance Work?
Rapport is an important part of the interviewing of suspects, enabling them to supply information more freely. This study
examined 142 actual interviews with suspects, focussing on key tasks that aid rapport. Using an established framework to examine
rapport building skills in the early stages of interviews, the study also measured how skilled attempts at sustaining rapport
were when interviewers attempted to gather information from suspects and probe accounts for their reliability. It was found
that opportunities were often missed to build rapport in the initial stages as several tasks were overlooked. Also, where
any rapport had been initially built, it was not always maintained as tasks undertaken later in the interview which may well
have assisted rapport maintenance were often conducted unsatisfactorily. Thus, initial rapport building of itself, therefore, is not sufficient in influencing overall interview quality and outcomes, since rapport also has to
be maintained throughout the interview. 相似文献
900.
Majeed Khader Jansen Ang Diong Siew Maan Poh Li Li Toh Shi Min Jayagowry A. Carolyn Misir Ho Hui Fen 《Journal of Police and Criminal Psychology》2012,27(1):24-32
Despite developments in police psychology in North America and Europe, little is known about developments in other parts of the world. Yet, this knowledge will reinforce the development of the field of police psychology internationally and strengthen its scientific theories, practices and programs. This paper therefore traces the development of police psychology in Singapore for over two decades across four waves of development. This paper also describes the developments in three areas of police psychology (services to police officers, police operations and the police organization) and details the various police psychological services programs and services in Singapore. The paper concludes with a discussion on strategic concerns for police psychologists worldwide, arguing that there is a need to discuss the ‘what works, when and where?’ in police psychology, when it is applied across the world. 相似文献