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141.
Determining Factors of the Effectiveness of IP-based Spin-offs: Comparing the Netherlands and the US
Rudi Bekkers Victor Gilsing Marianne van der Steen 《The Journal of Technology Transfer》2006,31(5):545-546
In this paper we describe and analyse IP-based spin-offs as a relatively new phenomenon for transferring knowledge from science
to industry. We argue that the effectiveness of this mechanism is subject to a complex array of institutional factors. These
factors entail national, sectoral, regional and managerial institutions. Based on an indicative comparison between the Netherlands
and the United States we find that is especially the combination of national and sectoral institutions that condition whether
an IP-based spin-off is established in the first place, whereas regional and managerial institutions condition its subsequent
chances of success. We finish by formulating some notions for public policy. 相似文献
142.
143.
Marianne Junger Peter J. van Koppen Marlies Diepeveen 《Journal of Quantitative Criminology》1996,12(3):265-283
This article briefly describes quantitative criminology in The Netherlands since the seventies. Dutch quantitative criminologists
have been active in most fields of the discipline of criminology: research has been done on the etiology of crime and, in
relation to this, the self-report methodology. A number of victimization surveys have been executed, and in relation to this,
attention was given to fear of crime, victims in the judicial system, and situational approaches to crime. There has been
research on policy evaluation, sentencing, and differential treatment in the criminal justice system, and alternative sanctions.
Recently three major international studies have been coordinated by Dutch criminologists: an international self-report study,
an international victim survey of households, and an international survey of victimization among businesses. In this article
we describe the first two studies and briefly compare some of their features. Overall, it appears that Dutch quantitative
criminology is embedded in the international mainstream of criminology and, in general, has been strongly related to policy
concerns. 相似文献
144.
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147.
Marianne Takle 《International Journal of the Sociology of Law》2007,35(4):178-191
This article assesses the extent to which Germany's adaptation of European Union legal norms through altering the criteria for access to territory and rights has challenged the judicial and conceptual boundaries of its notion of national political community. It compares the policies that directly affected EU citizens’ and other immigrant groups’ access to German territory, citizenship and social integration programs. It may be seen that, in enjoying a unique and privileged position between Germans and the other foreigners, this group not only challenges and undermines the justification for this very distinction, but also transforms the concept of ‘otherness’. 相似文献
148.
Marianne Wade Bruno Aubusson de Cavarlay Josef Zila 《European Journal on Criminal Policy and Research》2008,14(2-3):181-190
This article explores the wider ambit of prosecutorial work outside classic criminal proceedings in 11 European criminal justice systems. It provides an overview of the roles a prosecutor is expected to play, e.g. whether a contribution to national or local crime prevention policy or to act in victim’s interest is expected. It further provides detail as to the setting within which prosecutors work, describing in how far they are politically accountable and/or subject to orders in their daily work. 相似文献
149.
This paper explores the interactions among intra-group sharing rules, the competition between two groups over the common pool of output, and the allocation of resources between productive and appropriate activities. In the interior solution, the use of egalitarian method for the distribution of group income among members plays no distributional role but only affects the allocation of resources. It releases resources into the productive sector from the group that adopts the egalitarian rule by making the internal conflict among the members less intense. The sequential choice of intra-group sharing rules and resource allocations produce the adoption of fully egalitarian intra-group sharing rules in both groups. These rules minimize the amount of resources allocated to appropriate activities and maximize the welfare level of all individuals in the economy. This result suggests that inter-group competition with the use of egalitarian principle in the distribution of group income among group members, which is not available to the Hobbesian state of nature, is one of the cheaper social devices in restraining individuals from engaging in costly appropriative activities. 相似文献
150.
Social Support and Disclosure of Abuse: Comparing South Asian, African American, and Hispanic Battered Women 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Marianne R. Yoshioka Louisa Gilbert Nabila El-Bassel Malahat Baig-Amin 《Journal of family violence》2003,18(3):171-180
Sixty-two battered women who had accessed domestic violence services were asked to whom they disclosed the partner abuse, the responses they received, and how supported they felt by kin and nonkin network members. The findings showed that older women and those who had resided in the United States longer were more likely to make disclosures to kin members. Older women, those who had higher levels of perceived social support, and those who reported lower frequency of physical violence were more likely to disclose to nonkin members. The findings suggest that those women experiencing more severe abuse may be the least likely to disclose to others. As a group, the South Asian women were older and more educated, and greater proportions were or had been married to the abuser. In contrast to the other groups, a greater proportion reported having been burned or scalded and fewer reported being sexually coerced. In greater proportions, they disclosed the abuse to brothers and fathers and were advised to stay in their marriages. Service providers working with minority battered women must be knowledgeable of cross-cultural differences in the experience of abuse and disclosure patterns. Culturally appropriate and aggressive outreach within specific ethnic communities may be required to reach battered women in the community. Service providers must consider working with members of women's informal support network to provide both emotional and instrumental support. 相似文献