Side-bets and reciprocity as determinants of organizational commitment among correctional officers

Organizational commitment is a particularly salient characteristic of the prison work climate due to the stressful working conditions and high rate of turnover among correctional officers nationwide, yet little is known about the factors that predict the level of organizational commitment among officers. Becker's (1960) side-bets hypothesis predicts greater commitment among those who develop additional investments in the job that would be lost with a change of jobs, and the reciprocity hypothesis predicts greater commitment among those who feel they are well treated, supported, and respected by the organization. This study used a sample of 546 correctional officers to examine the relative effects of side bets and reciprocity on two components of organizational commitment—affective commitment and continuance commitment. The results of a multivariate OLS regression analysis indicated that reciprocity had a greater effect than side bets on affective commitment but that side bets had a greater effect than reciprocity on continuance commitment. These findings, which provide partial support for the side-bet hypothesis and strong support for the reciprocity hypothesis, are discussed in terms of the link between organizational commitment and other work-related behaviors.     

论犯罪黑数问题的成因及对策

犯罪黑数，是指事实上犯罪行为已经发生，但由于种种原因未予记载到犯罪统计中的犯罪数量。对实际发生的犯罪事实是否能毫无遗漏的予以追究，就需要排除立案不实、群众不举报以及在制度管理、统计遗漏等方面存在的问题，为切实做好预防工作，要求我们为警方真实立案松绑。同时要建立健全犯罪统计的各项制度、监督机制以及畅通群众的报案渠道和犯罪调查制度。才能有效的消灭犯罪黑数的形成。     

Terrorist Decision Making and the Deterrence Problem

An ongoing debate among policymakers and terrorism scholars concerns the effectiveness of deterrence as a counterterrorism tool. Absent from the debate is a discussion of the complex nature of terrorist decision making. Decisions are made at varying levels in a terrorist organization, often by actors having different motives, resulting in behavior that is not always fully rational. This article identifies several circumstances when terrorist behavior is not the product of an entirely unitary, rational decision-making process, and therefore highlights when deterrence policies will be least effective. It concludes with some policy implications for understanding when deterrence policies are most likely to succeed and how to address terrorism in other situations.     

两岸媒体交流历程及展望

文章简要回顾两岸媒体交流的历程,分析存在的问题,阐明两岸媒体交流科学发展的意义并作出展望.     

试析党的制度执行力问题

党的制度执行力问题,是党的制度建设的核心问题,更是当前提高党的建设科学化水平面临的一个亟待解决的问题.文章从制度质量因素、主体行为因素和文化因素等三个方面探究了党的制度执行力问题的产生机理,最后从加强制度建设、优化主体行为和培育先进的执行力文化等三个方面提出了相应的对策思考.     

Legitimacies, Indian Identities, and the Law: The Politics of Sex and the Creation of History in Colonial New England

In an early-eighteenth-century legal contest on Chappaquiddick Island, Massachusetts, an Indian leader, Jacob Seeknout, appealed a ruling that under-mined his political authority. Seeknout's lawyer, Benjamin Hawes, crafted an argument that intertwined the sexual legitimacy of Seeknout's ancestors with his political legitimacy; at the same time, Hawes also linked Indians'collective chastity as a "nation" to their sovereign status. This paper examines the economic, religious, criminal, and historical contexts of this argument, exploring the history of Indians'conjugal practices and their reinvention as the criminal acts of fornication. The case illustrates some of the diverse sources of early American law, links between these legal structures and colonialism, and the importance for scholars of attending to the local level in exploring the power of colonial law to shape new racial identities.