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991.
992.
John Francis Martin 《Australian Journal of Public Administration》2000,59(1):24-35
The changing nature of governance in Australia over the last two decades has given rise to a broad range of new strategies to review the development and delivery of government policies and programs. Key factors affecting the relationship between citizens and the state have been the deregulation and liberalisation of the Australian economy, with its focus on the market for the delivery of services, once the exclusive domain of public sector organisations. The increased use of consultants over this period is an example of governments going to the market for professional services. Effective policy development and review by consultants requires that they be well versed both in the substantive issues surrounding the policy field as well as in the process required to properly frame and evaluate these issues. 相似文献
993.
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Amber E. Crabbe Rachel Hiatt Susan D. Poliwka Martin Wachs 《Public Budgeting & Finance》2005,25(3):91-121
Over the last 25 years, voters in 20 California counties approved “local transportation sales taxes” to pay for transportation projects. A growing source of revenue, they generate roughly $2.5 billion per year. Four features explain their popularity: they require direct voter approval; funds are raised and spent within the counties that enact them, so voters experience benefits directly; most automatically expire; and they usually specify the improvements to be financed. These taxes are an important revenue source, but tend to favor capital investments over operations and maintenance. They have enhanced local governments' decision‐making authority, but may have made regional transportation planning in multicounty regions more difficult to achieve. 相似文献
996.
Brian Martin 《Critical Criminology》2005,13(3):307-326
The 1991 beating of Rodney King by Los Angeles police provides rich case material in how an attack perceived as unjust can
backfire. Drawing on nonviolence theory, an original framework is developed to analyze attacks as potential backfires that
are usually, but not always, inhibited. Attackers can use a variety of methods to inhibit backfires, including covering up
the attack, devaluing the target, reinterpreting the events, using official channels, and using intimidation and bribery.
Writings on the Rodney King beating include evidence on the use of each of these methods. Studying the backfire process offers
improved understanding on how to oppose unjust attacks. 相似文献
997.
998.
All Votes are Equal? Significant Legislation and Party Competition in the Danish Folketing 下载免费PDF全文
In nearly all studies on legislative party competition, all votes are treated equally. It is argued in this article that the cooperation between parties varies substantively depending on the type of legislation analysed. However, establishing a measure of the relative significance of votes has challenged legislative studies for decades. A novel measure for legislative significance is therefore proposed: length of debate. Using parliamentary votes from 23 legislative periods in the Danish parliament from 1953 to 2003 and debate length as measurement for bill significance, analyses are presented that focus on between‐party voting patterns on significant and non‐significant legislation and the presence, extent and features of legislative cartels is discussed. The results suggest that looking only at significant legislation reveals more clearly the legislative cartels within the legislature. These findings challenge the traditional assumption of treating parliamentary votes equally, and they allow for a better understanding of legislative cartels in the Folketing. 相似文献
999.
When Politics Matters: The Impact of Politicians' and Bureaucrats' Preferences on Salient and Nonsalient Policy Areas 下载免费PDF全文
For three decades, the “politics matters” literature has found that political ideology is an important explanation of public policy. However, this literature systematically fails to include the influence of the bureaucracy. In fact, it is almost impossible to identify a single study in this literature that controls for the influence of the permanent bureaucracy. In this article, we investigate whether politics still matters when bureaucratic preferences are taken into account. We do this in a simultaneous test of political and bureaucratic influences on public budgets, a policy measure often studied in the “politics matters” literature. We find that political preferences trump bureaucratic ones in policy areas salient to the public but not in less salient areas. This might be comforting news from a democratic perspective. However, as public budgets represent an easy case for political influence, it is food for thought that political preferences do not always prevail. 相似文献
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