论"非羁押式强制措施"的刑期折抵——以权利保障为视角

我国的刑事法律仅规定"羁押"的日期应当在被告人被判处的自由刑中予以折抵,而将取保候审、监视居住这样的"非羁押式强制措施"限制人身自由的日期排除于折抵刑期之外.从刑事司法公正、被追诉人的权利保障及权利与义务的对等性三方面论述"非羁押式强制措施"应予折抵刑期的合理性和正当性,并提出具体的立法建议.     

中世纪商人法继受罗马法探因

中世纪商人法的出现是中世纪城市经济发展的产物,而罗马商法则是古罗马高度繁荣的奴隶制经济发展的必然结果.由于商品经济发展的相似性、地理位置的接近、帝国永续理论的巨大威力以及罗马法学的繁荣等原因,中世纪的商人法明显地体现出对罗马商法的继受.分析中世纪商人法对古罗马商法继受的原因,从中可以看到法律发展过程中的相承关系.     

公民养老权涵义论析

养老权是一项基本人权.在我国,养老权的权利主体是60周岁以上的公民,养老权的义务主体是国家、社会、家庭和个人.养老权的内容包括生活保障权、医疗保障权和受赡养扶助权.养老权具有普遍性、资格性、基础性、社会性、综合性的特点.     

Metrological framework for selecting morphological characters to identify species and estimate developmental maturity of forensically significant insect specimens

Accurate age estimates of immature necrophagous insects associated with a human or animal body can provide evidence of how long the body has been dead. These estimates are based on species-specific details of the insects’ aging processes, and therefore require accurate species identification and developmental stage estimation. Many professionals who produce or use identified organisms as forensic evidence have little training in taxonomy or metrology, and appreciate the availability of formalized principles and standards for biological identification. Taxonomic identifications are usually most readily and economically made using categorical and qualitative morphological characters, but it may be necessary to use less convenient and potentially more ambiguous characters that are continuous and quantitative if two candidate species are closely related, or if identifying developmental stages within a species. Characters should be selected by criteria such as taxonomic specificity and metrological repeatability and relative error. We propose such a hierarchical framework, critique various measurements of immature insects, and suggest some standard approaches to determine the reliability of organismal identifications and measurements in estimating postmortem intervals. Relevant criteria for good characters include high repeatability (including low scope for ambiguity or parallax effects), pronounced discreteness, and small relative error in measurements. These same principles apply to individuation of unique objects in general.

Key points

• Metrological rigour can increase in forensic entomology by selecting measurements based on their metrological qualities.
• Selection of high-quality features for morphological identification of organisms should consider these criteria: (1) pronounced discreteness of features (minimising group overlap or maximizing interval); (2) high repeatability of assessment (such as symmetrical width rather than asymmetrical length); (3) small relative error in measurement (selecting the physically largest continuous rigid feature for measurement).
• These metrological principles also apply to individuation of unique objects in general.

     

从人格利益到人格要素——人格权法律关系客体之界定

在将人格视为人之根本的人文主义理想与权利客体理论矛盾的背景下,为了实现对人格的全面保护,我国学者采用了"人格利益"这一抽象概念作为人格权与人格权法律关系之客体.虽然这在一定程度上实现了通过权利模式对于人格的保护,但是由于"人格利益"概念本身的模糊性和对于人格理论的依赖性,人格利益作为人格权法律关系之客体具有根本性的缺陷.无论从当代法学之哲理基础还是从社会历史发展的现实来看,人格要素都是独立于法律上的主体的,因此人格要素作为人格权、人格权法律关系之客体,不仅不存在障碍,而且具有重大的理论与现实意义.     

有关农村土地承包经营权两个争议问题的比较分析

在"依法治国"及发展市场经济的时代背景下,重新审视承包制下的承包经营权,并进行制度的重新设计,是我国土地制度改革中的一个重要课题.本文以现行人大法工委物权法第二次审议稿为视角,结合历史和现实的考察,对有关农村土地承包经营权的两个争议问题进行了比较分析,得出了两个相关的结论.     

网上侦查的基本模式——网上信息查询

网上侦查是以计算机网络为支撑、以刑事犯罪情报信息数据库及相关管理信息为核心开展破案的侦查方式,其最基本的运作模式是网上信息查询。     

新建本科院校技术创新工作探讨

阐述了新建本科院校技术创新的必要性,以湖南省几所新建本科院校2004年技术创新情况为例,对新建本科院校技术创新产出现状进行了评价,指出了他们在技术创新中存在的一些问题,提出了解决这些问题的几项对策。     

Public capital stock and interstate variations in manufacturing efficiency

This study focuses on the role of public capital stock in contributing to interstate differences in productive efficiency in manufacturing. Our motivation is to assess the role of public capital as a source of persistent regional variations in efficiency, and thus determine if public infrastructure policies might reasonably be expected to alter the competitive environment of a state's manufacturing sector. We use a stochastic frontier production function model, explicitly incorporating infrastructure capital, to examine the relative performance of the aggregate manufacturing sector across states and over time. We calculate an index of productive efficiency and estimate the determinants of statewide variations in it. These results show that variations in per capita infrastructure stocks significantly affect manufacturing efficiency. Considering the behavior of public capital as both a direct and an indirect input furthers our understanding of the role of infrastructure and its implications for regional economic development policies.