在理想与底线之间:公务员美德的现代定位与具体构成

公务员美德的定位与构成历来关涉到国家发展、社会进步与人民幸福。美德境界有理想与底线之别,公务员美德在道义论与结果论视野中各执一端,分别定位于理想美德与底线美德。现代公务员美德兼顾理想美德与底线美德两端,不仅为现代公务员划定了美德底线,也预设了现代公务员从合格走向卓越的可能性。在内容上,现代公务员美德是由以人为本、智慧、意志坚强、忠于职守以及作风过硬等具体德目构成,这些美德分别具体化为相应的底线美德德目与理想美德德目。     

鹿结核病流行株融合基因Rv3872-Rv3874-Rv3875的原核表达

以本实验室保存的鹿体内分离并鉴定的结核病流行株为模板,利用重叠延伸剪接技术设计融合基因的引物,扩增融合基因Rv3872-Rv3874-Rv3875,构建重组表达质粒pGEX-4T-1-Rv3872-Rv3874-Rv3875;重组表达质粒被转化入大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)后,IPTG诱导表达,并采用谷胱甘肽琼脂糖亲和层析方法对目的蛋白进行纯化。基因测序结果显示,融合基因Rv3872-Rv3874-Rv3875的序列与GenBank中序列的符合率为99.89%。SDS-PAGE分析显示,融合基因在大肠杆菌中成功被诱导表达,获得以可溶形式表达的融合蛋白,该蛋白的分子质量约为60ku。Western-blot鉴定结果显示,纯化好的融合蛋白能与鹿结核病的阳性血清发生反应,说明该融合蛋白具有良好的反应原性,这一结果为它在鹿结核病血清学诊断中的应用奠定了试验基础。     

Psychological and behavioral adjustment in female youths with high or low psychopathic traits

The aim of the present study was to analyze the role of psychopathic traits in female juvenile delinquency. Using a sample of 236 young females from the Juvenile Detention Centers of the Portuguese Ministry of Justice and schools in the Lisbon area, a group of female youths with high psychopathic traits (n = 118; M = 15.84 years of age; range = 14–18 years of age) and a group of female youths with low psychopathic traits (n = 118; M = 15.77 years of age; range = 14–18 years of age) were formed based on the Portuguese version of the Antisocial Process Screening Device-Self-report (APSD-SR). The results showed that young females with high psychopathic traits start engaging in criminal activities and come into contact with the justice system earlier in life; exhibit higher levels of behavioral problems, conduct disorder, delinquent behaviors and serious criminality; and demonstrate lower levels of self-esteem and pro-social behavior. The importance of some variables in predicting group membership (high versus low psychopathic traits) was established through a binary logistic regression. Our findings reinforce the importance of the psychopathy construct for the early identification of potentially high-risk female youths and for the assessment of female youths who have already come into contact with the judicial system.     

Victims of Intimate Partner Violence. The Physician’s Intervention in the Portuguese National Health Service

This study intends to characterize the current situation in Portugal regarding intimate partner violence (IPV) disclosure by the victims and its detection and report by the National Health Service (NHS) professionals, in order to promote the health and protection of the former. We interviewed 101 adult victims of IPV who sought care in the NHS. The results reveal that a relevant number of victims did not disclose the abuse to NHS physicians (18.8 %). According to the victims, in 57.9 % of the cases, physicians did not suspect IPV. In cases where there actually was suspicion (based on specific evidence and markers) or where there was no concealment of such type of violence, 52.3 % of the physicians did not inform the victims about the risks this situation posed to them, 89.8 % did not mention their obligation to denounce the case (as it is foreseen by the Portuguese law), and the number of injuries they described was lower than the one described in the forensic medical reports.     

和谐与秩序: 亲属拒证权的理论之维简

刑事诉讼中赋予犯罪嫌疑人、被告人的亲属以拒证权是程序正义的内在要求,也是我国法律文化的优良传统与现代世界各国诉讼立法的普遍做法,但由于历史、政治等原因亲属拒证权一直未见于我国现行的刑事诉讼法。可以通过对东西方容隐法制的比较与分析,抽象出两者共通的和谐与秩序的价值追求,以期为当今中国建立起符合实际的亲属拒证权规则提供可资参评的理论支撑与根本理念。     

可持续发展视角下的地方环境资源保护法制建设研究——以黑龙江省大庆市为例

可持续发展是体现现代文明注重长远发展的一种经济发展模式,为保护地方所辖地域的环境资源,建设生态宜居型城市,可持续发展必须成为地方政府保障城市经济建设的基本战略方针。而针对地方环境资源目前所面临的严峻形势,建立健全与现阶段经济社会发展相适应的生态环境法制体系成为亟待解决的焦点问题。     

量化分级管理制度信息公示的法理分析

量化分级管理制度作为卫生部监督管理餐饮服务行业和公共场所的一项重要举措已取得显著的成效,也成为我国建设法治国家、践行社会主义法治理念的一个具体着眼点。量化分级管理的信息公示作为一个重要的行政管理监管方法,有着其坚实的法理基础。本文从量化分级管理的信息公示与政府信息公开的关系入手,从主权在民和公民知情权这两个重要理论方面分析量化分级信息公示的法理内涵,为加快建立诚信社会,落实我国依法治国、执法为民、公平正义的法治理念做贡献。     

肝纤康A抗小鼠肝纤维化作用的拆方研究

目的：采用均匀设计法对肝纤康A进行拆方研究，筛选方中各药味的最佳配伍比例并确定优化组方(肝纤康F)。方法：以CCl4诱导小鼠肝纤维化模型，按均匀设计法安排实验，通过观察肝纤康A不同配比组方对小鼠肝组织羟脯氨酸(Hyp)含量和血清丙氨酸转氨酸(ALT)、天冬氨酸转氨酸(AST)活力的影响，并经均匀设计软件统计处理后确定最佳配比组方——肝纤康F。结果：通过拆方研究，确定优化组方为肝纤康F(90：75：24)。结论：经筛选优化的最佳配比在显著降低肝纤维化小鼠肝组织(Hyp)和血清(ALT)水平方面比原方更有效。     

Can ethyl glucuronide in hair be determined only in 3 cm hair strands?

This paper addresses the suitability of ethyl glucuronide in hair (EtGH) strands other than 3cm for alcohol consumption. This issue will be addressed (a) by statistically comparing the distribution of EtGH results for 3cm hair strands to other hair strands analysed from 4126 cases and (b) by examining the stability of EtGH in an 8cm hair strand and two 12cm hair samples of two volunteers and a post-mortem case using 1cm segmental analysis. For 3464 driving license re-granting Medical and Psychological Assessment (MPA) cases, the detection of alcohol consumption using hair lengths longer than 3cm was never significantly less than for 3cm hair lengths, even up to 12cm hair lengths analysed non-segmented. For 662 non-MPA cases, where, in contrast to MPA cases, generally no abstinence was required, an increase in the EtGH positivity rate was observed with increasing hair length analysed up to 9cm, indicating that EtG-washout effects seem to play a minor role if any. For both MPA and non-MPA hair samples less than 3cm, a drastic, significant increase in the number of positive EtGH samples were observed, compared to 3cm hair lengths, strongly supportive of EtGH incorporation from sweat after a recent alcohol consumption. Segmental studies indicated that EtG is stable in the hair matrix up to 12cm long, hence supporting the above results. Even though both the statistical and the stability studies are preliminary results which need to be confirmed by other studies, they both provide evidence for the determination of alcohol consumption using EtGH in hair lengths longer than 3cm. Amendments to the Consensus of the Society of Hair Testing, the German driving license re-granting guidelines and EWDTS hair guidelines with respect to testing for abstinence and/or alcoholism are proposed for the benefit of the donors.     

The influence of ethanol containing cosmetics on ethyl glucuronide concentration in hair

Ethyl glucuronide (EtG) and fatty acid ethyl esters (FAEE), non-volatile, direct metabolites of ethanol have been shown to be suitable markers for the evaluation of social and chronic excessive alcohol consumption. Previous investigations have shown that the regular use of hair-care products with high alcohol content lead to an increase of FAEE concentration and consequently gave false-positive results for the determination of FAEE in hair. In this study we investigated the influence of a long-term hair treatment with EtOH containing lotion, on the EtG concentrations in hair. In this study 7 volunteer subjects (classified as either rare, social or heavy drinkers) treated the right side of their scalp every day during a one or two month period with a commercial hair tonic (Seborin), which contains 44.0% ethanol (vol%). Collection of hair specimens from both sides of the scalp was done one day before hair treatment, one week and one month after treatment (for 5 subjects also after two months of treatment). A hair segment of 3 centimeters (cm) was cut and then washed with water and acetone, and then pulverized. EtG was quantified by GC/MS after pulverization and 2h of ultrasonication in water, extraction by solid phase extraction using Oasis MAX columns and derivatization with HFBA. Measurements were done in negative chemical ionization mode using EtG-D5 as internal standard. Comparison of EtG concentration in the treated and in the non-treated hair specimens did not show any increase at the different dates of collection for the 7 subjects. In conclusion, these results show that there is no indication for an increase of EtG after use of ethanol containing hair cosmetics.