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201.
This article explores the gender dynamics in a multidisciplinary research team, focussing particularly on the way gendered power struggles affect the production of knowledge. Gender-based conflicts over the relevance of gender to the research process threatened to silence all the women involved in the research: the researchers, the participants and the woman on the management team. As the research was exploring the under-representation of women in senior positions in organisations and their experiences of gendered processes at work, this silencing would have had particularly serious implications for the outcome of the project. During this conflict, power resources were mobilised by both women and men. The eventual resolution of the conflict ensured that women's voices were heard and their experiences made visible. This had a crucial effect on both the research process and the outcome of the research project and demonstrates the critical effect of gender on the knowledge that can be produced by research. 相似文献
202.
Adolescent Self-Esteem and Gender: Exploring Relations to Sexual Harassment, Body Image, Media Influence, and Emotional Expression 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
Mary Polce-Lynch Barbara J. Myers Wendy Kliewer Christopher Kilmartin 《Journal of youth and adolescence》2001,30(2):225-244
Self-esteem plays a central role in mental health, yet not enough is known about how youth evaluate themselves as they move across adolescence. This study used a cross-sectional design to examine age and gender patterns in self-esteem and to explore how contemporary social influences relate to adolescent self-esteem. Self-reported influences on self-esteem involving the media, sexual harassment, body image, family and peer relationships, and emotional expression were evaluated with 93 boys and 116 girls in Grades 5, 8, and 12. Girls reported lower self-esteem than boys in early adolescence, and late adolescent boys reported lower self-esteem than younger boys. The predictors as a set accounted for a significant portion of the variance in self-esteem, while the best predictor of self-esteem varied by age and gender. Large gender differences were present for emotional expression, with boys becoming more restrictive across adolescence. Girls reported more negative body image and media influence scores than did boys in late childhood and early adolescence. Body image appeared to mediate the relationships between certain predictors and self-esteem for girls, while gender and grade appeared to moderate the relationship between media influence and self-esteem for girls and boys. 相似文献
203.
This research was funded by the U.S.-Ukraine Research Partnership project, which began in November of 1999 when an agreement
was signed between the National Institute of Justice (NIJ) and the Ukrainian Academy of Law Sciences (UALS). This partnership
program was an integral part of the Gore-Kuchma Binational Commission, established in September 1996 to solidify the close
ties between Ukraine and the United States. The increasingly global character of crime has created a mutual incentive for
cooperation between the United States and Ukraine.
In June of 1999, requests for proposals in the United States and Ukraine were concurrently announced by both NIJ and UALS.
The proposals were to address the following crime areas: organized crime, corruption, drug trafficking, human trafficking,
and economic crimes. The proposals were competitively reviewed by an expert working-group made up of both U.S. and Ukrainian
representatives. The result was five U.S.-Ukrainian research teams, composed of twenty-two Ukrainian and five U.S. members.
The size of each individual U.S.-Ukrainian team ranged from ten to three researchers. These teams met for the first time in
November 1999 at a “kick-off” conference in Kiev, Ukraine. The greatest accomplishment of the conference was that researchers
began the process of overcoming communication barriers and divergent methodological approaches to formulate a joint plan for
their research.
For this research, Layne worked with two Ukrainian research partners to jointly develop this paper. Khruppa was responsible
for collecting Ukrainian data for the report and Muzyka supplied legislative expertise and background. Layne traveled to Ukraine
(Kyiv and Kharkiv) four times over the course of two years and her Ukrainian counterparts came to the United States once.
It was a challenge to collaborate across distance and language barriers, but a warm, collegial relationship developed and
was maintained despite these obstacles. 相似文献
204.
This article examines the subjective experiences of previously imprisoned women. Their retrospective narratives of prison life reveal overt behavioral and underlying structural tensions that create an atmosphere of fear and violence. Furthermore, attitudes of indifference between inmates and correctional staff often contribute to fostering an environment of neglect. The study, based on in-depth interviews with fifty-four female subjects, describes and analyzes several aspects of the socialization process for inmates as related by women on parole. The research shows that the “pains of imprisonment” for women are suffered to a greater degree than previously acknowledged. Prison for these women is a social world filled with anxiety and, perhaps, represents a punishment well beyond what the law intended. 相似文献
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209.
Mary Bryna Sanger 《Public administration review》2008,68(Z1):S70-S85
The Winter Commission’s aspirations for improvement of governance at the state and local level resulted in proposals to modernize public institutions and systems to remove the barriers on executive and managerial authority to act. Improving government performance and accountability to citizens requires leadership to empower employees by reducing rules, increasing discretion, and rewarding innovation. The performance measurement movement and its related performance management movement are public management trends of wide influence in state and local government that are both an adjunct to, and a reflection of those aspirations. Case studies of cities that have sought to develop and use performance measurement and engage citizens demonstrate great potential to improve governance and manage for results that citizens want. But even exemplary jurisdictions face challenges using evidence‐based, data‐driven performance management approaches. Promoting best practice requires better scholarship to understand the determinants of successful implementation, adoption, and use of performance measurement. The outcomes of performance management systems are generally unmeasured and little is known about their cost effectiveness or endurance over time. The promise is there, but our expectations should be tempered. 相似文献
210.
Mary B Anderson 《Development in Practice》2000,10(3-4):495-500
Despite a growing emphasis by aid agencies on local participation and consultation, the recipients of aid commonly have mixed, if not hostile, responses to relief assistance. Agencies need to acknowledge the inequalities that are inherent in an aid relationship, and be more judicious in determining their proper role. The author calls for aid providers and recipients to accept our innate human equality and our circumstantial inequality in order to establish relationships of mutual respect and contemporaneous enjoyment of each other. 相似文献