The Experience of the Infant Entering Refuge (Shelter) Setting with Their Mothers After Fleeing Family Violence

Journal of Family Violence - Almost nothing is known about how the infant may experience being in a women’s Refuge (Shelter) setting with their mother after fleeing family violence, despite...     

Let the Reporting Begin: USEPA's Mandatory Greenhouse Gas Reporting Rule

On September 22, 2009, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency issued its Mandatory Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Reporting Rule, which will require over 10,000 U.S. facilities to report their GHG emissions annually. The Rule generally applies to facilities that emit more than 25,000 metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent (mtCO₂e) or more per year, although some sources with lower emissions in specific sectors of the economy will also be subject. Recordkeeping and reporting requirements are significant and will warrant processes to ensure a consistent, defensible approach. The article discusses the background, purpose, and organization of the Rule; applicability, emissions accounting, reporting, recordkeeping, and emission verification; and presents a potential implementation plan.     

Model of religious schism with application to Islam

This is a study of religious schism. The purpose of the research is to explore the nature and causes of religious segmentation and realignment. A model of religious schism is developed and illustrated with reference to many different religions. The model is then directly applied to Islamic history. Schism occurs because of innovations in dogma or practice. These innovations must appeal to demanders of the religious product. However, the innovations themselves may be driven by organizational conflicts within firms supplying religion. A special situation is created when schism occurs within a state-supported supplier of religion. Our study leads us to revisit the debate between Hume and Smith over the effect of state religion. We side with Smith.