我国慈善事业发展中的政府作用分析——基于中美比较的借鉴与启示

经过多年的发展,我国慈善事业在取得了积极成绩的同时仍面临许多问题。本文从政府在慈善事业发展中的角色定位及作用入手,比较了中美两国慈善事业发展的现状与政府作用。我国慈善事业发展的历程集中体现了政府对慈善事业发展的主导作用,政府充当了慈善事业的组织者、运营者和资助者的角色;美国政府与慈善组织结为"事业伙伴"关系,发挥着倡导者、合作者、管理监督者、法律保障者的作用。由于历史、社会文化、宗教影响、法律环境等因素,中美政府在发展本国慈善事业中采取的措施与发挥的作用既有相似点又存有差异。借鉴美国的成功经验,中国慈善事业发展的核心问题就是要理顺政府与慈善的关系,政府在促进慈善事业发展中的作用应体现在引导、监督和保障方面。     

论冲突法上的适应问题

冲突法上的适应问题是一种法律关系的准据法同他种法律关系的准据法分别属于不同法律秩序时,应如何调整两者在适用上可能产生相互矛盾及不调和的问题。增强准据法的适应性或者说对准据法加以调整是当代冲突法的一个新动向。可以说,适应或调整程序浓缩了确定准据法的技术,冲突法上的某些制度本身就是适应观念的体现。在适应问题的解决方面,目前还难以制定统一的一般准则,总的来说,有冲突法的适应方法、实体法的适应方法和比较法的适应方法。适应问题不仅存在于法律适用阶段,而且也发生在管辖权协调和外国判决执行方面。     

试论管理人才应具备的品德素质——基于职能要求的分析

品德素质是人才素质结构中的核心部分,在能力结构的形成、发展和发挥过程中具有核心作用,在现代人力资源开发与管理实践中具有关键地位。本文基于职能要求来分析不同层级的管理人员应具备的品德素质内容,按照组织未来发展要求来构建岗位职责和工作任务,通过职务要求分析→得出能力结构要求→从而确定应具备的品德素质,试图在一个理论逻辑框架下来建立一个成功管理者内在的品德素质结构模型,并以此来指导、识别、选拔、培养和开发管理者的品德素质。     

The Interpretation of Matching Trace Evidence: A Legal Perspective

本文描述了用于规范法庭科学证言的英美证据法,这些法庭科学证言主要是解释微量物证之匹配的重要性。本文根据即将出版的维基百科全书法庭科学卷部分改编。     

建立我国污点证人豁免制度的实证分析——以贿赂案件为例

本文通过借鉴域外污点证人豁免制度,结合我国查处贿赂案件的实证考察,对在我国引入和建立污点证人豁免制度的可行性和必要性进行了分析。最后提出建立我国污点证人作证制度的构想,为完善我国打击严重的贿赂犯罪的立法与司法实践提供参考。     

Reproducing a Fit Citizenry: Dependency, Eugenics, and the Law of Marriage in the United States, 1860-1920

Between the Gilded Age and the Progressive Era, American state legislatures enacted a series of new laws that delineated a class of citizens who were deemed ineligible to participate in the institution of marriage. Scholars have characterized this development as evidence that lawmakers had lost faith in a laissez-faire approach to nuptial governance, and thus transformed marriage into an object of public regulation. This essay argues that behind the ostensible nuptial privatism of the mid-nineteenth century lay a self-conscious policy of judicial governance. Judges invoked the language of nuptial privacy and the common law of contract strategically to advance their vision of moral and economic discipline. The new marital prohibitions thus represented, the essay argues, not the expansion of the state's police power into the previously private realm of domestic relations, but rather a critical transformation in how nuptial reformers and lawmakers understood the relationship between marriage and the well-being of the polity.
Fueled by growing concerns about pauperism, the racial character of the urban proletariat, and the collapse of the economically independent single-male-breadwinner household, the changing form of nuptial governance signaled a thoroughgoing intellectual and strategic reorientation from an understanding of marriage as forming economically and morally viable households – the fundamental units of society – to an understanding of marriage as a largely procreative institution, as the literal source of the citizenry. This reconceptualization of marriage underwrote a strategy of nuptial governance that mobilized marriage as a strategy in the state's regulation of social reproduction.     

Operationalising bottom-up learning in international NGOs: Barriers and alternatives

This article proposes bottom-up learning as a normative framework for international NGOs. It explores the common but often unacknowledged disparity between organisational values and mission versus actual practice. The first section of the paper raises the question of organisational learning disorders followed by an exploration of learning organisations and bottom-up learning in particular. A section briefly summarising positive developments in the field is followed by discussions of organisational barriers and possible mitigation techniques. The paper closes with a challenge for international NGOs to take a closer look at their learning capabilities with a view to improving service to communities in need.     

论政府的文化责任

文化责任应成为政府担负的重要责任。文章认为,文化责任是政府在行使职能与服务中所具有的文化精神,并由此体现和形成的文化价值与理念、文化形象与导向,通过文化执行能力和管理能力,形成促进社会发展的文化生产力。政府的文化责任对社会是一种指示和标志性的行为,它与一个国家的民族精神状态和社会经济发展共同形成完整的文化生态系统。     

证据概念素说——兼论中国特色社会主义证据理论的国学文化基石

本文试以缘其华叶,探其根素,究其质实的方法,对证据的概念行以刻求真是的剖陈。其定义为:证据是讼事以物符或意融的形式,留存于时空内,并为听讼人藉以听断讼事的可识素因。概念,无论今古中西,在学问上,都是说话的前提。国学式的概念必定是中华法和中国特色社会主义证据理论的基本构件之一。     

Connecting models of the individual and policy change processes: a research agenda

Policy Sciences - This article proposes that closer attention to models of the individual provides substantial theoretical and empirical leverage to policy studies scholars. Capturing the nuances...