Rural employment and agrarian markets in transition: Nicaragua (1979–89)

The article deals with state intervention in agrarian produce markets and the rural labour market in post‐revolutionary Nicaragua. Basing itself in the debate about the Nicaraguan agrarian class structure, it analyses the development of the internal terms of trade, the rapid integration of the peasantry in the market and its positive response to recent liberalisation measures. The labour market seems to show developments contrary to economic logic. Detailed analysis concludes that labour demand declined more slowly than supply. However, only recently this led to higher real wages after a long period of deterioration. Further income differentiation also seems a possible unwanted outcome.     

‘Debating the Morality and Legality of Medically Assisted Dying’. Critical Notice of Emily Jackson and John Keown, Debating Euthanasia. Oxford: Hart Publishing, 2012

In this Critical Notice of Emily Jackson and John Keown’s Debating Euthanasia, the respective lines of argument put forward by each contributor are set out and the key debating points identified. Particular consideration is given to the points each contributor makes concerning the sanctity of human life and whether slippery slopes leading from voluntary medically assisted dying to non-voluntary euthanasia would be established if voluntary medically assisted dying were to be legalised. Finally, consideration is given to the positions adopted by the contributors in relation to the legalisation of voluntary medically assisted dying.     

Transparenzgebot,Privatautonomie und Auslegung

Nach der in dieser Zeitschrift jüngst vorgetragenen These P. Bydlinskis ist eine AGB-Klausel, der mit Hilfe der Auslegung gem § 914 ABGB ein eindeutiger Inhalt beigelegt werden kann, zumindest tendenziell nicht "unklar oder unverst?ndlich" iSd § 6 Abs 3 KSchG. Dem sei im Folgenden widersprochen. Dabei soll die Gelegenheit genützt werden, gegen eine verbreitete – oft auch nur latent vorhandene – Auffassung aufzutreten, die im Transparenzgebot einen unangemessenen Eingriff in die Grunds?tze privatautonomer Rechtsgestaltung zu sehen glaubt. Im Weiteren wird dargelegt, dass das wohlverstandene Transparenzgebot mit dem klassischen Verst?ndnis von Privatautonomie und subjektiver Richtigkeitsgew?hr nicht in Widerspruch steht, sondern sich vielmehr friktionsfrei in dessen Konzept einfügt.     

More Similarities or More Differences? Comparing Public and Nonprofit Managers’ Job Motivations

Existing research on career motivations tends to focus either on the difference between private and public organizations or on the difference between nonprofit and for‐profit firms. Although commonalities exist, the literature suggests that there also are many differences in what motivates public and nonprofit employees. Employing data from the National Administrative Studies Project III, this research examines how seven motivational aspects correlate with the choice between public and nonprofit employment. The authors find that managers who value advancement opportunities, a pension and retirement plan, and the ability to serve the public in their jobs are more likely to accept a job in the public sector, whereas managers who value family‐friendly policies and increased responsibility are more likely to accept a position in the nonprofit sector. Participation in volunteering is positively associated with nonprofit employment. The authors suggest a possible link between volunteering and the unique nonprofit motivation that is differentiated from public service motivation.     

Conjoint analysis of R&D contract agreements for industry-funded university research

Since the late nineteenth century, universities have been regarded as useful sources of technological development to stimulate economic activity. Therefore, many governments have encouraged research collaborations between universities and industries. A consequence of such collaboration in Korea, however, is that university researchers have difficulty claiming ownership of their technological developments. Typical contracts used in academia in Korea have biased benefits for industries. Research and development contract agreements that decrease negotiation efforts between the sectors of academia and industry are essential to increase the efficiency of industry-academia collaborations. In order to determine an optimal contract design, we use conjoint analysis of four attributes, including policies of ownership and compensation, indemnity responsibility, patent application and maintenance fees, and publication restrictions. The resulting preferences take into account the perspectives of both industry and academia. We expect our approach to contribute to increasingly healthy collaborations between industry and academia, which in turn will benefit industrial competition as well as the Korean economy.     

以吉大旧工业区改造为契机,打造珠海中心商务区

珠海市吉大旧工业区在珠海旧工业区中规模最大,随着工业发展的重心西移,工业区已经逐渐走向衰落.而经过长期建设,吉大城区已形成为一个颇具规模的商贸区,具有很大的区位优势和发展潜力.我们建议:以吉大旧工业区改造为契机,把吉大城区打造成珠海的中心商务区,作为泛珠三角横琴经济合作区的强力支撑,并为"9 2"泛珠三角地区合作与交流提供最佳平台.珠海中心商务区的规划理念应该是高品位的,规划应体现科学先进性、经济可行性、交通规划的超前性和多元复合性.珠海中心商务区的投融资、开发建设、运作与管理都应该按照国际惯例操作,力争成为城市运营和管理的典范.