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991.
992.
Hisayasu Kobayashi 《Journal of Indian Philosophy》2010,38(3):233-245
The purpose of this paper is to clarify Prajñākaragupta’s view of mental perception (mānasapratyak?a), with special emphasis on the relationship between mental perception and self-awareness. Dignāga, in his PS 1.6ab, says: “mental [perception] (mānasa) is [of two kinds:] a cognition of an [external] object and awareness of one’s own mental states such as passion.” According to his commentator Jinendrabuddhi, a cognition of an external object and awareness of an internal object such as passion are here equally called ‘mental perception’ in that neither depends on any of the five external sense organs. Dharmakīrti, on the other hand, considers mental perception to be a cognition which arises after sensory perception, and does not call self-awareness ‘mental perception’. According to Prajñākaragupta, mental perception is the cognition which determines an object as ‘this’ (idam iti jñānam). Unlike Dharmakīrti, he holds that the mental perception follows not only after the sensory perception of an external object, but also after the awareness of an internal object. The self-awareness which Dignāga calls ‘mental perception’ is for Prajñākaragupta the cognition which determines as ‘this’ an internal object, or an object which consists in a cognition; it is to be differentiated from the cognition which cognizes cognition itself, that is, self-awareness in its original sense. 相似文献
993.
Shinya Moriyama 《Journal of Indian Philosophy》2010,38(3):261-277
This paper aims to examine the role of self-awareness (svasa?vedana) for the Sautrāntika epistemological tenet known as the doctrine that cognition has a form (sākārajñānavāda). According to this theory, we perceive external objects indirectly through the mental forms that these objects throw into our minds, and this cognitive act is interpreted as self-awareness. However, if one were to interpret the cognitive act such that the subjective mental form (grāhakākāra/svābhāsa) grasps the objective mental form, the position of the subjective mental form becomes problematic—it becomes superfluous, as can be demonstrated with reference to Dignāga’s explanation of the Sautrāntika’s pramā?a-pramā?aphala argument. As a result, self-awareness itself becomes precarious. In connection with this problem, an argument on the relationship between self-awareness and the yogic perception of other minds given by Dharmakīrti leads us to discover that self-awareness is important for establishing subjectivity, in order to avoid another person’s access to one’s own mental states. Through examining Pramā?avārttika 3.448–459, this paper tries to find a way to interpret the svābhāsa-factor without relating to its object-factor (grāhyākāra), and to shed new light on the problem of subjectivity in the Sautrāntika epistemology. 相似文献
994.
995.
Whitney Cox 《Journal of Indian Philosophy》2010,38(5):485-501
In this essay, I trace the enabling conditions for the major statement of the subversive subtext in Bilhaṇa’s Vikramāṅkadevacarita (VDC) by unpacking the operation of the work’s patent, eulogistic text. In particular, I will explore the place given to
the depiction of male intimacy as a poetic substitute or simulacrum for the political alliances central to Vikramāditya’s
coming to the throne, as described in the mahākāvya’s fourth through sixth sargas. My intention in focusing on the intense friendships between men is to highlight a significant rhetorical strategy of Bilhaṇa’s,
which allowed the poet both to introduce and to buffer the poem’s most explicit statement of his skepticism towards royal
power. It is this charged affective theme—one that occupied only a tenuous position within the regnant critical discourse
of literary emotion at the time—that sets up Bilhaṇa’s most powerful and explicit denunciation of kingship. The explicit theme
of royal praise and the subtext of its denunciation can thus be seen as contrapuntally related, which goes some way towards
explaining how the court poet was able to successfully carry off his potentially incendiary literary project. 相似文献
996.
Saul M. Kassin Steven A. Drizin Thomas Grisso Gisli H. Gudjonsson Richard A. Leo Allison D. Redlich 《Law and human behavior》2010,34(1):49-52
Reviewing the literature on police-induced confessions, we identified suspect characteristics and interrogation tactics that influence confessions and their effects on juries. We concluded with a call for the mandatory electronic recording of interrogations and a consideration of other possible reforms. The preceding commentaries make important substantive points that can lead us forward—on the effects of videotaping of interrogations on case dispositions; on the study of non-custodial methods, such as the controversial Mr. Big technique; and on an analysis of why confessions, once withdrawn, elicit such intractable responses compared to statements given by child and adult victims. Toward these ends, we hope that this issue provides a platform for future research aimed at improving the diagnostic value of confession evidence. 相似文献
997.
Advocates claim that the sequential lineup is an improvement over simultaneous lineup procedures, but no formal (quantitatively
specified) explanation exists for why it is better. The computational model WITNESS (Clark, Appl Cogn Psychol 17:629–654,
2003) was used to develop theoretical explanations for the sequential lineup advantage. In its current form, WITNESS produced
a sequential advantage only by pairing conservative sequential choosing with liberal simultaneous choosing. However, this
combination failed to approximate four extant experiments that exhibited large sequential advantages. Two of these experiments
became the focus of our efforts because the data were uncontaminated by likely suspect position effects. Decision-based and
memory-based modifications to WITNESS approximated the data and produced a sequential advantage. The next step is to evaluate
the proposed explanations and modify public policy recommendations accordingly. 相似文献
998.
Recent research using a calibration approach indicates that eyewitness confidence assessments obtained immediately after a
positive identification decision provide a useful guide as to the likely accuracy of the identification. This study extended
research on the boundary conditions of the confidence–accuracy (CA) relationship by varying the retention interval between
encoding and identification test. Participants (N = 1,063) viewed one of five different targets in a community setting and attempted an identification from an 8-person target-present
or -absent lineup either immediately or several weeks later. Compared to the immediate condition, the delay condition produced
greater overconfidence and lower diagnosticity. However, for choosers at both retention intervals there was a meaningful CA
relationship and diagnosticity was much stronger at high than low confidence levels. 相似文献
999.
Two laboratory studies with 332 student participants investigated secondary confessions (provided by an informant instead
of the suspect). Participants allegedly caused or witnessed a simulated computer crash, then were asked to give primary or
secondary confessions during interrogation. Study 1 replicated the false evidence effect for primary confessions. Secondary
confessions were obtained at a high rate, which was increased by false evidence in combination with incentive to confess.
In Study 2 a confederate either confessed to or denied crashing the computer. Incentive increased the rate of secondary confession
only in the presence of a denial; that is, incentive increased the number of false secondary confessions only. Implications
for the use of incentives during informant interrogation are discussed. 相似文献
1000.
Ellen S. Cohn Donald Bucolo Cesar J. Rebellon Karen Van Gundy 《Law and human behavior》2010,34(4):295-309
Legal socialization theory predicts that attitudes mediate the relation between legal reasoning and rule-violating behavior
[Cohn, E. S., & White, S. O. (1990). Legal Socialization: A Study of Norms and Rules. New York: Springer-Verlag]. Moral development theory predicts that moral reasoning predicts rule-violating behavior directly
as well as indirectly [Blasi, A. (1980). Bridging moral cognition and moral action: A critical review of the literature. Psychological Bulletin, 88, 1–45]. We present and test an integrated model of rule-violating behavior drawing on both theories in a longitudinal study
of middle school and high school students. Students completed questionnaires three times during the course of 1 year at 6-month
intervals. Legal and moral reasoning, legal attitudes, and rule-violating behavior were measured at times one, two, and three
respectively. Structural equation models revealed that while moral and legal reasoning were directly and indirectly related
to rule-violating behavior among high school students, legal reasoning bore no direct relation to rule-violating behavior
among middle school students. The implications for an integrated model of reasoning and rule-violating behavior are discussed. 相似文献