Representation and resistance in Restoration Scotland: the political thought of James Stewart of Goodtrees (1635–1713)

This article presents a Scottish case study of early modern ideas on parliamentary representation and popular political participation. By scrutinizing the context and content of a treatise published in 1669 by the lawyer James Stewart of Goodtrees, the article seeks to demonstrate that views had shifted on the nature of the Scottish Parliament. In addition, it is argued that the promulgation of Scotland's covenants – that is, the National Covenant (1638) and the Solemn League and Covenant (1643) – unwittingly created space for the development of popular political engagement. However, the implications of this were not fully realized until a group of middling and lower class men rose in arms to uphold the Covenants after their rescission in law by parliamentary statute in 1661.     

Bowl Away From Home

<正>Darkness still covered Beijing as I woke up at 6 a.m.on a Monday and walked half an hour through minus 10-degree weather and moderately polluted air.My journey may have been perilous,but I was determined because across the Pacific Ocean,kickoff for     

Fresh on the Screen

<正>American comedy Fresh Off the Boat tells a relatable Asianimmigrant story that rings trueFor the first time since 1994’s Al-American Girl,American television has a primetime show starring an Asian American family.Fresh Off the Boat,based on Chef Eddie Huang’s real-life memoirs about growing up     

URLTA in Operation: An Introduction

The following articles examine the impact of legislation modeled after the Uniform Residential Landlord and Tenant Act (URLTA) in Portland, Oregon, and Cleveland, Ohio. Their conclusion is that the legislation has been only marginally effective, benefiting primarily middle-income tenants in the suburbs or in the cities' better neighborhoods, while largely failing in the aim of helping the inner-city poor and upgrading the quality of slum housing. The general lesson is an old one: law reform attempts at rearranging basic social-legal relationships often fail to achieve their intended effects, particularly when their effectuation is left to the initiative or ingenuity of those individual private parties who are least likely to possess or display these traits.     

A death involving probenecid.

A death following deliberate ingestion of approximately 75 g of probenecid in a 36-year-old man is described. Tissue concentrations of probenecid were highest in serum (710 mg/L) and liver (550 mg/kg). Probenecid was also detected in vitreous and bile. Ethanol was also detected in blood at 0.13 g/100 mL.     

The analysis of an intracerebral hematoma for drugs of abuse

Toxicological investigations were performed on an intracerebral hematoma, antemortem blood, and postmortem blood of an individual who was found unresponsive in his home. The hematoma was found to have ethanol at a concentration of 0.05% (w/v), and benzoylecgonine (a cocaine metabolite) was also confirmed at a concentration of 0.43 mg/L by specific analysis using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). These results enabled the pathologist to record the cause of death as intracerebral hemorrhage due to acute cocaine intoxication.     

Postmortem tissue concentrations of venlafaxine

Venlafaxine is a phenethylamine antidepressant which inhibits both serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake and is structurally unrelated to the serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). Its major metabolite, O-desmethylvenlafaxine (ODV), also inhibits serotonin reuptake. Although metabolized by the cytochrome P-450 (CYP) system, venlafaxine inhibits CYP 2D6 and 3A4 to a far lesser extent than do the SSRIs. Mechanisms of drug action are reviewed and evaluated in the investigation of 12 fatalities occurring over a 6-month-period where venlafaxine was detected.Venlafaxine and ODV were identified by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) using atmospheric pressure ionization (API) electrospray in positive mode following an n-butyl chloride extraction. Postmortem tissue concentrations studied in each of 12 postmortem cases for venlafaxine and ODV, were 0.1-36 and <0.05-3.5mg/l (peripheral blood), <0.05-22 and <0.05-9.9mg/kg (liver), <0.05-10 and <0.05-1.5mg/l (vitreous), <0.05-53 and <0.05-6.8mg/l (bile), <0.05-55 and <0.05-21mg/l (urine), respectively, and 0.1-200mg of venlafaxine in the gastric contents. Venlafaxine was typically present with other drugs, including other antidepressants, alcohol, and benzodiazepines. The potential for interaction with each drug is discussed. Over the 6-month-period of this study, there were no deaths ascribed solely to venlafaxine intoxication.