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排序方式: 共有189条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
31.
Mahfouz M Badawi A Merkl B Fatah EE Pritchard E Kesler K Moore M Jantz R Jantz L 《Forensic science international》2007,173(2-3):161-170
Sex determination is one of the essential steps in personal identification of an individual from skeletal remains. Most elements of the skeleton have been subjected to discriminant function analysis for sex estimation, but little work has been done in terms of the patella. This paper proposes a new sex determination method from the patella using a novel automated feature extraction technique. A dataset of 228 patellae (95 females and 133 males) was amassed from the William M. Bass Donated Skeletal Collection from the University of Tennessee and was subjected to noninvasive high resolution computed tomography (CT). After the CT data were segmented, a set of features was automatically extracted, normalized, and ranked. The segmentation process with surface smoothing minimizes the noise from enthesophytes and ultimately allows our methods to distinguish variations in patellar morphology. These features include geometric features, moments, principal axes, and principal components. A feature vector of dimension 45 for each subject was then constructed. A set of statistical and supervised neural network classification methods were used to classify the sex of the patellar feature vectors. Nonlinear classifiers such as neural networks have been used in previous research to analyze several medical diagnosis problems, including quantitative tissue characterization and automated chromosome classification. In this paper, different classification methods were compared. Classification success ranged from 83.77% average classification rate using labels from a Fuzzy C-Means (FCM) clustering step, to 90.3% for linear discriminant classification (LDC). We obtained results of 96.02% and 93.51% training and testing classification rates, respectively, using feed-forward backpropagation neural networks (NN). These promising results using newly developed features and the application of nonlinear classifiers encourage the usage of these methods in forensic anthropology for identifying the sex of an individual from incomplete skeletons retaining at least one patella. 相似文献
32.
Lisa A. Goodman Kristie A. Thomas Nkiru Nnawulezi Carrie Lippy Josephine V. Serrata Susan Ghanbarpour Cris Sullivan Megan H. Bair-Merritt 《Journal of family violence》2018,33(2):103-107
In the absence of ongoing involvement in the communities that are the subjects of research, even well-intentioned researchers can develop questions that are not relevant to community needs, employ methods that hurt community members, or disseminate findings in ways that are inaccessible to those most affected. Recognizing these harms, a growing number of domestic violence (DV) researchers have embraced community-based participatory research (CBPR), an approach in which researchers and community members share power at every level of the research process, co-creating knowledge that can be applied to enhance community well-being. Despite growing interest in this approach, however, there are insufficient opportunities for interested researchers to learn how to actually engage in it, especially in the DV context. To remedy this gap, the authors of this paper collaborated to develop an online toolkit for emerging researchers interested in CPBR. This brief report frames the need for CBPR in DV research using short vignettes that come from our own research experience; introduces Power Through Partnerships: A CBPR Toolkit for Domestic Violence Researchers; and presents recommendations for developing, promoting, and disseminating future CBPR research. We chose to announce the development and availability of this toolkit in an academic journal in order to highlight its scholarly and practical relevance for researcher audiences who might be less familiar with the CBPR approach. 相似文献
33.
Megan Pickup 《Third world quarterly》2013,34(10):1941-1961
I focus on evaluating Brazilian development and humanitarian cooperation in Haiti to answer how emerging providers such as Brazil are contributing to global development through cooperation. The paper establishes criteria for evaluation, arguing that global standards for aid effectiveness need to be expanded. I argue that when assessed on ownership, efficiency and sustainability, cooperation holds several advantages and limits, such as misplaced assumptions that Brazil’s approach is appropriate elsewhere. The discussion is rooted in the context of Haiti in order to underline how outcomes are not pre-determined, but rather depend on the model’s interaction with the partner context. 相似文献
34.
Megan MacKenzie 《安全研究》2013,22(2):241-261
This article focuses on the construction of “soldier” and “victim” by post-conflict programs in Sierra Leone. Focusing on the absence of individual testimonies and interviews that inform representations of women and girls post-conflict, this article demonstrates that the ideal of the female war victim has limited the ways in which female combatants are addressed by disarmament, demobilization, and reintegration (DDR) programs in Sierra Leone. It is argued that titles given to female soldiers such as “females associated with the war,” “dependents,” or “camp followers” reveal the reluctance of reintegration agencies to identify females who participated in war as soldiers. In addition, I argue that men and masculinity are securitized post-conflict while women—even when they act in highly securitized roles such as soldiers—are desecuritized and, in effect, de-emphasized in post-conflict policy making. The impact of this categorization has been that the reintegration process for men has been securitized, or emphasized as an essential element of the transition from war to peace. In contrast, the reintegration process for females has been deemed a social concern and has been moralized as a return to normal. 相似文献
35.
36.
Does United Nations peacekeeping protect civilians in civil war? Civilian protection is a primary purpose of UN peacekeeping, yet there is little systematic evidence for whether peacekeeping prevents civilian deaths. We propose that UN peacekeeping can protect civilians if missions are adequately composed of military troops and police in large numbers. Using unique monthly data on the number and type of UN personnel contributed to peacekeeping operations, along with monthly data on civilian deaths from 1991 to 2008 in armed conflicts in Africa, we find that as the UN commits more military and police forces to a peacekeeping mission, fewer civilians are targeted with violence. The effect is substantial—the analyses show that, on average, deploying several thousand troops and several hundred police dramatically reduces civilian killings. We conclude that although the UN is often criticized for its failures, UN peacekeeping is an effective mechanism of civilian protection. 相似文献
37.
Megan Bradley 《Development in Practice》2008,18(6):673-685
Co-operation between researchers in the global North and South is critical to the production of new knowledge to inform development policies. However, the agenda-setting process is a formidable obstacle in many development research partnerships. The first section of this article examines how bilateral donor strategies affect collaborative agenda-setting processes. The second section explores researchers' motivations for entering into North–South partnerships; the obstacles that Southern researchers encounter in agenda-setting processes; and the strategies that they employ to ensure that research partnerships respond to their concerns. This analysis suggests that while strong Southern research organisations are best placed to maximise the benefits of collaboration, donors and researchers alike are well advised to recognise the limitations of this approach and use it prudently, because North–South partnerships are not necessarily the best way to advance research agendas rooted in Southern priorities. 相似文献
38.
39.
Jason B. Whiting Douglas B. Smith Megan Oka Gunnur Karakurt 《Journal of family violence》2012,27(4):313-320
For most intimate partners, safety is an important goal and basic need. How a partner perceives safety has an impact on what
happens in the relationship, and this will in turn affect the responses from the other partner. Lack of safety can provoke
negative emotions and actions which can lead to relationship deterioration and violence. However, little is known about this
process from the insider’s perspective. In this study, constructivist grounded theory methods were used to analyze interviews
from individuals (n = 37) to better understand individual appraisals of relational safety. The results include a theory that illustrates the
process of relational safety and threat. This model articulates how certain relational conditions precede a perception of
safety or threat, which then leads to corresponding actions. Implications of the model include a focus on interaction and
context when assessing for safety and abuse, as well as the importance of self regulation. 相似文献
40.
Using three interviews spanning 3 years, we identified intimate partner violence (IPV) classes and determined how class membership
changed over time amongst a sample of 217 mothers at-risk for child maltreatment that were enrolled in an early childhood
home visitation evaluation study. Data on perpetration/victimization, IPV type (verbal, physical, and sexual abuse and injury)
and severity were used to conduct latent class analyses at each time point. Latent transition analyses established the proportion
of mothers who changed classes over time. A three-class solution (minimal, moderate, and high IPV) was indicated at each time
point. All classes included mutual IPV. Partners used minor verbal abuse in the minimal class, minor and severe verbal abuse
and minor physical abuse in the moderate class, and all IPV categories in the high class. At each transition, 40 % or more
women moved from minimal to moderate or high IPV. This movement emphasizes the need to screen women frequently and develop interventions recognizing
the dynamic nature of IPV. 相似文献