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121.
Volunteering participation rates vary greatly across countries even when the potential volunteers’ individual characteristics are controlled. We therefore analyze the volunteers’ motives against the backdrop of the predominant political and economic environment in different countries, focusing on the state’s role in influencing an individual’s decision to volunteer. Combining individual-level data from the European and World Values Survey with macroeconomic and political variables for OECD countries, we identify three channels through which governmental activities influence voluntary labor: size of the state (i.e., amount of public social expenditure), political consensus between voters and the government, and government support for democratization. 相似文献
122.
Yau H Dominowski A Schaible C Siefring G Morjana N 《Forensic science international》2012,220(1-3):97-102
We evaluated the performance of Emit(?) II Plus 6-Acetylmorphine Assay for human urine screening on the Viva-E(?) analyzer. Precision was evaluated using the cutoff and ±25% controls. Recovery and linearity were studied by spiking 6-acetylmorphine (6-AM) into human urine pools. Accuracy was evaluated using urine specimens and the results were compared to those from GC/MS. Cross-reactivity with structurally related drugs was assessed at different cross-reactant concentrations. Interferences were assessed in the presence of 7.5 and 12.5 ng/mL of 6-AM. The qualitative repeatability coefficients of variation (CV's) ranged from 0.3% to 0.4% and the within-lab CV's ranged from 2.0% to 2.2%. In analyte units (ng/mL), the repeatability CV's ranged from 1.3% to 2.2% and the within-lab CV's ranged from 2.6% to 4.3%. The limit of detection of the assay was found to be 2.1 ng/mL. Recovery was within 15% of expected value. Linearity was 2.1-20 ng/mL. Method comparison showed 99% agreement with GC/MS. The assay had minimal cross-reactivity with morphine, morphine-3-glucuronide, morphine-6-glucuronide and other opioids. No interference was observed with endogenous interferences and structurally unrelated drugs. The assay correctly classified CAP survey samples. The Emit(?) II Plus 6-Acetylmorphine Assay will be a suitable screening method for urine specimens in both qualitative and semi-quantitative analyses. 相似文献
123.
Tattoo frequency and types among homicides and other deaths, 2007-2008: a matched case-control study
Blackburn J Cleveland J Griffin R Davis GG Lienert J McGwin G 《The American journal of forensic medicine and pathology》2012,33(3):202-205
An estimated 25% of the US population aged 18 to 50 years has a tattoo, which have been associated with markers of high-risk behaviors including alcohol and drug use, violence, carrying weapons, sexual activity, eating disorders, and suicide. This study compares tattoo prevalence and type in a homicide population to those of an age-, race-, and sex-matched control group of nonhomicide deaths. The data for this study were abstracted from autopsy records maintained by the Jefferson County Alabama Coroner/Medical Examiner's Office for the years 2007 and 2008. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for the association between homicide and tattoo presence and characteristics were calculated using conditional logistic regression. There was no association between tattoo presence and death by homicide; however, among blacks, memorial tattoos were significantly more common among homicides compared with other types of deaths (odds ratio, 2.50; 95% confidence interval, 1.10-5.68). The results of the current study suggest that specific types of tattoos, but not all tattoos, may be risk factors for homicide. Other factors, such as race and lifestyle, along with tattoos may need to be considered. 相似文献
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A family relations model for the study of adolescent egocentrism was tested in an exploratory study of the relationship between parental socialization styles and adolescents' imaginary audience behavior. A sample of adolescent boys (n=58) and girls (n=57) responded to Heilbrun's Parent-Child Interaction Rating Scale and Schaefer's Parent-Behavior Inventory and completed Elkind and Bowen's Imaginary Audience Scale. As hypothesized, rejection-control was associated with increased imaginary audience behavior, while physical affect was negatively related to self-consciousness. Sex differences were noted, with rejection-control being most important in predicting self-consciousness for boys and physical affect being the best predictor of girls' egocentrism behavior. The data provide an alternative model to a cognitive developmental perspective of adolescent egocentrism development.Research was partially supported through the Western Regional Research Project W-144, Development of Social Competency in Children, with funding in part from the Science and Education Administration/Cooperative Research of USDA, and the Utah State University Agricultural Experiment Station.Received his M.A. in psychology from the University of Nebraska at Omaha and Ph.D. in human development from the Pennsylvania State University. Current research interest is personality and social development of children and adolescents.Completed his M.S. Degree in family and human development at Utah State University. Current research interests include the study of interpersonal perception and attraction and human socialization. 相似文献
127.
Gerald T. Hotaling Saundra G. Atwell Arnold S. Linsky 《Journal of youth and adolescence》1978,7(4):393-403
This article examines how stressful life-events relate to the occurrence of illness in a nonclinical random sample of adolescents and what processes intervene in this relationship. Three alternative models of the life events and illness relationship are compared. Data support a “direct stress and illness model” as opposed to either a “sick role behavior model” or a “mental health model.” Social support from parents appears to mediate the life events-illness relationship. Undesirable and ambiguous life events have more impact on illness than desirable events do. Results are discussed in terms of adolescence as a unique developmental stage. 相似文献
128.
Two theoretical perspectives have been advanced to account for heightened egocentrism during early adolescence. One perspective assumes that formal operational thought is associated with increased self-consciousness. The second perspective proposes that parental support and affection diminish egocentrism, while parental rejection enhances self-conscious reactions by young adolescents. Data analysis using responses from 251 early adolescents (131 males, 120 females) on measures of cognitive development and perceived parental support revealed that (a) formal operations diminished adolescent egocentrism, while (b) perceived parental relations were predictive of self-consciousness. Contrary to posttheoretical assumptions, seventh graders functioning at the level of concrete operations were higher in self-conscious egocentrism than were formal-operations youths. Further, perceived parental support was associated with diminished egocentrism, while perceived parental rejection was predictive of heightened self-consciousness.Her research interests focus on early adolescent development.His research interests focus on personality and social development during adolescence.His research interests focus on clinical and counseling psychology and psychotherapy. 相似文献
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