Roman concept of mental capacity to make end-of-life decisions

When assessing decisional competence of patients, psychiatrists have to balance the patients' right to personal autonomy, their condition and wishes against principles of medical ethics and professional discretion. This article explores the age-old legal and ethical dilemmas posed by refusal of vital medical treatment by patients and their mental capacity to make end-of-life decisions against the background of philosophical, legal and medical approaches to these issues in the time of the Younger Pliny (c62-c113 CE). Classical Roman discourse regarding mental competency and "voluntary death" formed an important theme of the vast corpus of Greco-Roman writings, which was moulded not only by legal permissibility of suicide but also by philosophical (in modern terms, moral or ethical) considerations. Indeed, the legal and ethical issues of evaluating the acceptability of end of life decisions discussed in the Letters are as pertinent today as they were 2000 years ago. We may gain valuable insights about our own methodologies and frames of reference in this area of the law and psychiatry by examining Classical Roman approaches to evaluating acceptability of death-choices as described in Pliny's Letters and the writings of some of his peers.     

在知识产权领域进行跨协定报复:发展中国家可用的武器

发展中国家在第三次欧共体香蕉案和美国赌博案中向DSB申请了在知识产权领域实行跨协定报复,这是很有意义的开端.理论上,发展中国家中止知识产权义务进行报复比在货物贸易领域和服务贸易领域实施报复更具优越性.但是,要使它成为发展中国家的合法、有效、可行的报复方式,还必须权衡知识产权的地域性,权利穷竭制度以及发展中国家欠缺技术能力所带来的限制等可能产生的法律问题和经济问题.     

我国区域经济差异的多元统计分析

本文运用因子分析、聚类分析等统计方法,对我国31个省、直辖市、自治区的经济、环境、人力资源的区域差异进行了分析,并给出了协调发展政策建议.     

论保障措施的非歧视性与区域性贸易安排的关系

WTO组织对保障措施的实施有非歧视性的规定,要求"保障措施应针对一正在进口的产品实施,而不问其来源";而区域性贸易安排是合法地存在于WTO组织多边贸易体制中的例外制度,其要求对于区域成员领土之间的"实质上所有贸易"取消其他限制性贸易法规,二者之间存在冲突.根据对WTO组织实践的解读及学理上的研究,可以对保障措施调查的范围和实施对象的范围按照不同情况加以区分,并提出几种公平合理的解决方案.     

价格二元调节的法律调整和国家调节少数民族经济的法治化选择——以两起政府对牛肉拉面限价为例

市场调节机制调节下的生产者和消费者的价格关系是一般价格关系，主要接受民商法调整，国家不作过多干预。但市场调节机制有其自身缺陷，国家调节应当对市场缺陷进行救济。转型期少数民族经济有其特殊性，除了市场调节之外，国家调节应当介入，国家对价格的调节既是一种调节方式，又是一种国家职能，应当严格依法进行。     

贵州清真寺建筑艺术

清真寺为穆斯林宗教活动场所和文化中心。贵州穆斯林历来重视清真寺建设。贵州清真寺建筑继承了伊斯兰建筑艺术 ,学习和吸收了中国传统建筑风格 ,融伊斯兰教特色、阿拉伯建筑风格和中国传统建筑艺术于一体 ,具有独特风格和多样型制 ,许多建筑物有着重要艺术价值。     

Decriminalisation of abortion performed by qualified health practitioners under the Abortion Law Reform Act 2008 (Vic)

In 2008, the Victorian Parliament enacted the Abortion Law Reform Act 2008 (Vic) and amended the Crimes Act 1958 (Vic) to decriminalise terminations of pregnancy while making it a criminal offence for unqualified persons to carry out such procedures. The reform legislation has imposed a civil regulatory regime on the management of abortions, and has stipulated particular statutory duties of care for registered qualified health care practitioners who have conscientious objections to terminations of pregnancy. The background to, and the structure of, this novel statutory regime is examined, with a focus on conscientious objection clauses and liability in the tort of negligence and the tort of breach of statutory duty.     

企业海外投资：问题和解决之策

近十年来,我国企业进入海外投资高峰期,总体规模不断扩大,跨国并购比重越来越大;投资主体呈现多元化发展趋势;投资行业、地区多元且聚集度较高。但同时我国企业海外投资也存在着一些问题,如缺乏清晰明确的战略意图和目标,海外整合能力欠缺,政府支持乏力,国际投资保护主义抬头。要想使我国海外投资获得较好的收益,必须提升战略意识,做好战略规划;提升跨国整合能力和管理水平;加大政府支持企业海外投资的力度;理性应对投资保护主义。     

价值管理与财务风险管控研究——基于全流通背景下国资委、企业集团的视角

当资本市场进入全流通时代后,价值增值、资本增值具备了内在性、统一性,国资委、企业集团进行价值管理具有可行性和必然性。然而,资本经营、集团财务风险的多样性、叠加性、复杂性也更为突出。大力落实"国资委—投资控股集团—实体企业"三层次企业国有资产运营体系和相应的治理、管理体系,发挥上市公司"聚合效应"和"财富效应",可实现集团价值最大化、股东价值最大化以及集团整体存量资本与增量资本价值提升。