未成年人刑事案件中法定代理人制度研究

未成年人犯罪将“未成年人权益保护”推进至刑事法平台,在此语境之下,法定代理人作为一种法定派生,其价值归属直接指向未成年人的权益保护。然而,通观我国刑事法,有关法定代理人的规定甚少,且涵义不清,与其它部门法的衔接也存在诸多失衡。本文对此作出回应,以未成年人法律保护为思路,从基本理论出发,对未成年人刑事案件①中的法定代理人制度进行了考察与理性思考。     

走出“共犯与身份”的教义学迷思:“主从犯体系”下身份要素的再定位

我国"主从犯体系"不同于德日区分制体系,主要表现为作用分类法与分工分类法具有实质差异、主犯判断与正犯评价存在根本区别。在欠缺身份犯总则性规定的前提下,不宜直接运用德日区分制体系下的"共犯与身份"理论来解决相关问题,而应当对其进行中国语境的转化。据此,"违法的连带性"应转换为"违法的共同性","责任的个别化"应蜕变为对"不法程度"及责任要素的双重评价。故而,在"主从犯体系"下,身份的作用仅限于两点:一是在整体上或共同违法意义上作为犯罪构成要件,从而在非身份者与身份者实施的共同犯罪中,身份者未必都是主犯,也可以是从犯或胁从犯;二是在归责意义上,非身份者的责任在同等条件下相对于身份者会有所克减。     

TWO SESSIONS IN FOCUS

正The 13th National People’s Congress (NPC), China’s national legislature, and the 13th National Committee of the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC),the top political advisory body, opened their second sessions on March 5 and March 3,respectively. Lawmakers and political advisors discuss key topics, including raising the standard of living, economic development and environmental protection, at the annual sessions, also known as the Two Sessions.     

Double-Strength Bridge

A U.S. university befriended Chinese students affected by the 2008 Wenchuan quake and a decade later, the bond is stronger Wang Sidi's world turned upside down in 2008 when an 8-magnitude earthquake devastated her home province Sichuan in southwest China, killing nearly 70,000 people. Her father, aunt and four other relatives were among the victims."I was battered by the loss and wanted to leave my hometown to move away from the pain," Wang told Beijing Review on the 10th anniversary of a unique educational cooperation program between China and the U.S. to help heal the wounds of some of the worst-affected young survivors.     

Gathering Green

The Botanical Pavilion at the International Horticultural Exhibition 2019 in Beijing is one of the four main venues of the expo. Themed Wisdom of Plants, it covers an area of about 10,000 square meters and is divided into three floors.     

Comparison of Rehydration Techniques for Fingerprinting the Deceased after Mummification

Postmortem decay causes fingertip decomposition, desiccation, shriveling, and rigidity, reducing the possibility of obtaining sufficiently clear fingerprints for identification. In this study, five rehydration solutions (ammonium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, potassium hydroxide, urea, and warm water) followed by three fingerprint recording methods (photograph, inking roll, and dusting tape) were investigated to process mummified fingertips from an unidentified cadaver. The results show that sodium carbonate treatment is the most effective for minutiae restoration, followed by ammonium hydroxide treatment. This study also demonstrates that even those fingertips that previously failed in urea solution, 1% potassium hydroxide solution, and warm water treatment could be further improved with sodium carbonate solution to obtain qualified minutiae for fingerprint matching. The optimal procedure is rehydrating the desiccated fingertips with sodium carbonate solution for 24 h followed by dusting the finger and transferring the print to adhesive tape.     

《损伤程度》与《致残分级》关于脊柱四肢评定条款的比较

本文对《人体损伤程度鉴定标准》和《人体损伤致残程度分级》有关脊柱四肢评定方面的条款进行比较研究。从结构破坏、功能障碍、结构破坏合并功能障碍等方面分析两者的异同,为损伤程度和致残程度评定提供借鉴。     

浅析刑事涉案财物的追缴及分配

刑事涉案财物应当包括违禁品、犯罪工具、违法所得和具有相当经济价值的物证等四类.对涉案财物的处理应当是对违禁品和犯罪工具先予没收,再将属于第三人的合法财产及时返还其所有权人;将犯罪直接所得及时返还给被害人,如果原物灭失,则应当责令罪犯退赔;如果违法所得扣除犯罪直接所得价值后仍然有剩余的,则应当对剩余部分依法予以没收.     

眼损伤图形刺激对比度视诱发电位

目的研究眼损伤者对比度视诱发电位的特征。方法选取本中心行法医临床学鉴定的60例眼损伤者,根据最佳矫正视力分为0.2~0.3(A组)、0.3~0.5(B组)、≥0.5(C组)三组。分别观察100%、25%、10%对比度条件下的对比度视诱发电位波的振幅及潜伏期变化特征,并行统计学分析。结果 (1)相同对比度时,P_(100)波振幅随刺激视角的减小而降低;(2)相同刺激视角时,P_(100)波振幅随对比度降低而降低,组间差异有统计学意义(P0.05);(3)100%、25%对比度时,相同刺激视角(100%7′视角除外),A组与B组差异无统计学意义(P0.05);A组与C组、B组与C组随视力提高,P_(100)波振幅增高(P0.05);10%对比度15′刺激视角,P_(100)波振幅随视力提高而增高(P0.05);(4)相同对比度下,相同刺激视角时,P_(100)波潜伏期随视力提高而缩短,但组间差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。相同刺激视角时,随对比度降低,P_(100)波潜伏期延长,但差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论对比度视诱发电位有望成为评估对比度视力的方法之一。     

陕甘宁边区的民事立法及其对当代民法典编纂的启示

发轫于战争特殊时代的陕甘宁边区民事法律,是边区法律制度的重要组成部分。民国六法全书、中共的政策、边区民事立法、民事习惯构成了边区民事法律的主要渊源。中共领导了边区民事立法,体现出民主立法、与时更进、因地制宜等特征,深入分析边区民事立法的基本经验,有助于推动当代中国民法典的编纂。