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301.
Dorandeu A Coulibaly B Piercecchi-Marti MD Bartoli C Gaudart J Baccino E Leonetti G 《Forensic science international》2008,177(1):47-51
Determination of age at the time of death based on the observation of cranial sutures has led to numerous studies with sometimes contradictory results. The initial hypothesis being that suture closure is part of an age-related physiological process, the conflicting results have been interpreted by various authors as secondary to the choice of sutures, under the co-existing influence of pathological factors or genetic factors, or even independent of age. Despite these differences, macroscopic methods remain much used in anthropology and in forensic medicine. In our work, we evaluated the value of the degree of closure of the frontosphenoidal suture in estimating age at death of mature subjects, with the secondary objective of establishing a linear regression which could be used in routine practice. The study concerned bone specimens from individuals whose age, sex and medical history were known. Macroscopic observation was carried out on the ectocranial and endocranial sides according to four stages of closure previously defined. 290 sutures were taken from a population of whom two-thirds were men. The method can be repeated and reproduced and the regression established shows the confidence range for average error to be +/-1.5 years. While this result is of interest in terms of precision in prediction for a group of people, the prediction range is too great (+/-23 years) to be applicable to a single individual as part of a forensic procedure. 相似文献
302.
Labat L Fontaine B Delzenne C Doublet A Marek MC Tellier D Tonneau M Lhermitte M Frimat P 《Forensic science international》2008,174(2-3):90-94
A previous study conducted in 1995 showed that psychoactive drug use by workers was higher in safety/security workstations than in the rest of the labour force. In order to verify this finding, we conducted a new study in 2003-2004 in the Nord-Pas-de-Calais region, restricted to truck drivers. The aim of this study was to allow harmonizing the professional practice of the occupational physicians, proposing drug prevention and drug testing policies, validating the analytical methods and the guidelines in case of positive testing results. One thousand truck drivers were studied. Urines were tested for amphetamines, cannabinoids, cocaine, opiates, benzodiazepines, buprenorphine and methadone by immunoassay. Urine ethanol determinations were performed by an ADH method. Positive urines for drugs of abuse, methadone or buprenorphine were then tested by gas chromatography or liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. Out of the 1000 drivers, cannabinoids were detected in 85 cases, opiates in 41 cases, amphetamines in 3 cases and cocaine in only one case. Buprenorphine was detected in 18 cases, methadone in 5 cases and benzodiazepines in 4 cases. Urine ethanol was positive in 50 cases. We found only one case with 6-monoacetylmorphine. Other positive opiates were metabolites of antitussives. The relatively low number of benzodiazepine positive urines could be explained by the lack of sensitivity of the test we used. All these results confirm those of the previous study for cannabinoids and ethanol in safety/security workstations. Positive results for methadone and buprenorphine are eight times higher than in the general population. In conclusion, the authors think that it will be of a great interest to test urine of truck drivers for other classes of psychoactive drugs, using a liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry method. 相似文献
303.
Houry D Rhodes KV Kemball RS Click L Cerulli C McNutt LA Kaslow NJ 《Journal of interpersonal violence》2008,23(8):1041-1055
Measurements of intimate partner violence (IPV) based on acts of violence have repeatedly found substantial bilateral violence between intimates. However, the context of this violence is not well defined by acts alone. The objective of this research was to compare differences in women and men within each IPV status category (victim, perpetrator, and both) with respect to levels of battering as defined by their scores on the Women's Experience With Battering Scale (WEB), which asks gender-neutral questions about the abuse of power and control and fear in an intimate relationship. In our study, women disclosed higher levels of battering on the WEB, despite IPV status (victimization or both victimization and perpetration). In addition, female IPV victims were 5 times more likely than their male counterparts to disclose high rates of battering on the WEB. Depressive symptoms, symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder, African American race, and IPV victimization were independently associated with higher WEB scores. 相似文献
304.
The Group of 77 in the international climate negotiations: recent developments and future directions
Sjur Kasa Anne T. Gullberg Gørild Heggelund 《International Environmental Agreements: Politics, Law and Economics》2008,8(2):113-127
First, we describe and analyze the main set of G77 positions in the climate negotiations and the dynamics behind the emergence
of these positions. While it is puzzling that the G77 has managed to maintain itself as a group in spite of internal differences
along variables as prosperity, emissions and vulnerability to climate change, we claim that a core element behind this cohesion
is that these countries share domestic governance problems as much as poverty and economic underdevelopment. Second, we discuss
how recent trends of economic and political development in the third world influence the climate policy strategies of the
G77 group in the future. The main factor here is the economicand social progress in states like China, India and Brazil, which
separates them from the poorer and less powerful G77 states. Increasing heterogeneity along variables like governance, growth,
and importance for the international economy is creating an increasing drive among the most successful G77 states towards
bilateral agreements with industrialised powers. We do not foresee a departure from traditional G77 positions and membership
by these states in the official climate negotiations or a departure from the Kyoto process, but an increasing reliance on
bilateral agreements with industrialized countries that link considerations for energy security and the environment. The ability
to gain these advantages without commitments may make these states less interested in adopting commitments for the post-Kyoto
period. This is unfortunate for the LDCs and the AOSIS groups within the G77, who probably are most vulnerable to climate
change.
相似文献
Sjur KasaEmail: |
305.
Anne Therese Gullberg 《International Environmental Agreements: Politics, Law and Economics》2008,8(2):161-178
Using a simple rational choice model as a heuristic device, this paper explores the lobbying behaviour of environmental and
business organisations in the field of climate policy and discusses why their lobbying behaviour differs. I find that environmental
organisations lobby less than what would be considered rational according to the simple rational choice model, and argue that this might largely be
explained by tight budget constraints. I also find that business organisations lobby more than what would be considered rational according to the model, and argue that this might be explained if one applies a long-term
perspective on rational lobbying in the policy field rather than a short-term perspective on single policy decisions. Moreover, I find that the type of lobbying differs. While environmental organisations focus on single policy decisions, business organisations also invest
in general lobbying. The analysis is based on interviews with interest organisations lobbying in the field of climate policy
at the European Union (EU) level.
相似文献
Anne Therese GullbergEmail: |
306.
307.
Anne Holdorph 《Women's history review》2015,24(1):37-52
This article looks at the inclusion of religion within the West Central Jewish Working Girls' Club in London through newspapers, club histories and oral testimonies. Previous scholarship has downplayed the religious element in Jewish youth clubs; however, this article will demonstrate that religion was a factor within the activities of the West Central Club. Drawing on reports from the club leaders, this article will show that religion was present through prayers and services held on the Sabbath, and, where possible, this religion promoted domesticity for young women. 相似文献
308.
309.
Kathleen Gallagher Cunningham Marianne Dahl Anne Frugé 《American journal of political science》2017,61(3):591-605
Why do organizations choose to use nonviolence? Why do they choose specific nonviolent tactics? Existing quantitative work centers on mass nonviolent campaign, but much of the nonviolence employed in contentious politics is smaller‐scale nonviolent direct action. In this article, we explore the determinants of nonviolence with new data at the organization level in self‐determination disputes from 1960 to 2005. We present a novel argument about the interdependence of tactical choices among nonviolent options in self‐determination movements. Given limitations on their capabilities, competition among organizations in a shared movement, and different resource requirements for nonviolent strategies, we show that organizations have incentives to diversify tactics rather than just copy other organizations. The empirical analysis reveals a rich picture of varied organizational resistance choices, and a complex web of interdependence among tactics. 相似文献
310.
Anne Christine Holtmann Laura Menze Heike Solga 《Journal of youth and adolescence》2017,46(10):2091-2113
School leavers with low educational attainment face great difficulties in their school-to-work transitions. They are, however, quite heterogeneous in terms of their personal and social resources. These within-group differences may influence who shows initiative during the school-to-work transition period and thereby helps employers recognize their learning potential at labor market entry. Yet this recognition also depends on the ways employers select applicants, which may prevent them from discovering such within-group differences. We therefore investigate the interplay between agency and its constraints, that is, whether higher cognitive and noncognitive skills and more parental resources provide low-achieving school leavers with new opportunities in the school-to-work transition period or whether their low school attainment causes the persistency of their disadvantages. We use panel data from the German National Educational Panel Study (NEPS), which started in grade 9. The NEPS also includes school leavers from special-needs schools. Our sample consists of 3417 low-achieving adolescents (42% female), defined as adolescents who leave school with no or only a lower secondary school-leaving certificate. Their average school-leaving age is 16 to 17 years. Our key findings are that the transition period opens up new opportunities only for those low-achieving adolescents with better vocational orientation and higher career aspirations, leading them to make stronger application efforts. The success of youth’s initiative varies considerably by school-leaving certificate and school type but not by competences, noncognitive characteristics, and parental background. Thus, the label of “having low qualifications” is a major obstacle in this transition period—especially for the least educated subgroup. Their poor school attainment strongly disadvantages them when accessing the required training to become economically independent and hence in their general transition to adulthood. Our results are also of interest internationally, because participation in firm-based training programs functions as the entry labor market in Germany. Thus, similar explanations may apply to low-achieving adolescents’ difficulties in finding a job. 相似文献