Politically Engaged Muslims in Malaysia in the Era of Abdullah Ahmad Badawi (2003–2009)

Long regarded as an embodiment of tolerant Islam and peacefully co-existing with modernisation within a multi-ethnic and multi-religious society, Malaysia unexpectedly aroused much attention as a potential breeding ground for Muslim radicals in the aftermath of catalytic events which pitted the West against the Muslim world. Malaysian Muslims are said to be susceptible to Middle Eastern-originated radicalism, as exemplified in interlocking transnational contacts and agendas sowed between increasingly globalised Muslim networks adept in exploiting latest trappings of modernity. This article urges readers to engage in deeper reflection on the local dynamics of Malaysia's Islamisation process, in order to arrive at a more nuanced understanding of challenges posed by politically engaged Muslims in Malaysia. It is argued that, belying the regime's profession of a progressive Islam known as Islam Hadhari, Malaysia under Abdullah Ahmad Badawi's Premiership witnessed an abrupt escalation of inter-religious tension which not only threatened to disrupt communal harmony and nation-building, but also posed a security risk. The origins of such instability could arguably be located to the peculiar manner in which politically-laden Islam is applied by the regime, in particular by its home-nurtured Islamic bureaucracy.     

论中药品种保护侵权的民事责任

《中药品种保护条例》对我国药典中已经公开的传统的中药品种提供了新的保护模式 ,它不但对擅自仿制行为、泄密行为、伪造保护证书等证明文件进行生产、销售的行为规定了相应的行政责任和刑事责任 ,而且规定了获得《中药保护品种证书》的企业在保护期内取得生产被批准保护的中药品种的特许权 ,这是一种新类型的知识产权 ,亦是一种新型的民事权利。凡未取得《中药保护品种证书》的企业 ,未经许可或未履行法定的仿制审批手续 ,擅自生产被保护的中药品种的行为 ,若企业不享有生产该中药品种的合法在先权利 ,则其行为构成侵权 ,应承担停止侵权、赔偿经济损失等侵权民事责任。合法在先权利可以成为中药品种保护侵权诉讼中的抗辩理由。     

Sustainable reintegration to returning refugees in post-Taliban Afghanistan: land-related challenges

The lives of millions of people around the world continue to be thwarted with violence, obliging them to flee from their own country or community mainly for reasons of persecution and armed conflict. Resolving this problem is a complex and pressing challenge. This is because of their needs not only while in exile, but also during their return home as the situation improves, ensuring their rights to protection and sustaining their reintegration requirements. This article focuses on the return of refugees in post-war situations, and the challenges and complexities of ensuring a durable return and sustainable reintegration in the country of return. It focuses on ‘land’, and the concerns and complexities surrounding it as one of the key obstacles to the sustainability of return and reintegration. Within a general discussion, the issue of land is explored by looking at it in the context of returnee reintegration against the backdrop of various aspects such as security, politics, disputes, restitution and livelihoods. The case in discussion is Afghanistan, referring to the voluminous return of refugees and the challenges in seeking solutions to their reintegration problems since the political changes in late 2001 underlined by the US-led military intervention, the ouster of the Taliban regime and the Bonn Agreement.     

中国农村妇女脱贫致富的进程

中国共产党和政府在推进农村现代化的进程中,从战略的、全局的高度关注和重视广大农村妇女问题.农村妇女脱贫致富奔小康的过程构成新时期妇女解放的重要一环,对中国妇女和整个民族的发展具有重大影响.本文回顾了党和政府致力于农村妇女生存、发展、保护的历史过程,总结这方面的历史经验,为农村妇女继续发展提供有益的借鉴.     

Abstention in Daylight: Strategic Calculus of Voting in the European Parliament

As in large elections, substantialabstention is frequently observed inlegislative assemblies. This paper analyzesroll call votes from the third and fourthlegislatures (1989–1999) of the EuropeanParliament to test predictions from threetypes of theories of abstention: (1)decision-theoretic approach of RationalChoice theory, (2) game-theoretic approachof Rational Choice theory, and (3) theSwing Voter’s Curse theory. The resultsindicate that closeness significantlydecreases the rate of abstention. Thefindings also show that an increase in theprobability of being in the majorityincreases turnout. Overall, findings aresupportive of the decision-theoreticapproach of Rational Choice theory butnot of the game-theoretic approach toabstention or the Swing Voter’s Cursetheory.     

PCR技术在鸟类性别鉴定上的应用

根据鸟类性染色体连锁基因EE0．6在Z、W染色体上长度的不同,通过选择6对不同的引物,同时设置4种不同的反应条件,分别采用PCR技术对丹顶鹤、黑鹳、琉璃金刚鹦鹉、绯红金刚鹦鹉、鞭苔(?)鵼、戴冕鹤、火烈鸟的Z、W染色体上的EE0．6基因进行了特异性扩增。结果显示,某些引物组合能从雄鸟样品中扩增出1条片段(EE0．6Z,190 bp),而雌性鸟样品则能扩增出2务片段(EE0．6W和EE0．6Z,分别为250 bp和190 bp),但4组引物对6种鸟类EE0．6基N的扩增效果不同。证实,利用PCR技术能对鸟类进行性别鉴定。     

陈兰彬出使美国的个人功过和历史意义——兼论近代中国社会发展潮流南移广东的原因及其启示

作为中国首任留美学生监督,陈兰彬在派遣留美幼童问题上,在如何教育、管理留美幼童的问题上,有所贡献.但他不能明察曾国藩关于幼童抵美后学习内容以西学为主的真实意图,在撤回留美幼童问题上,负有不可推卸的责任.作为中国首任驻美公使,其功过可概括为"有所为"和"难作为":他在保护华侨方面的功绩应充分肯定,但由于国势衰微、个人能力不足等困境,难以在中美邦交的实质性问题上取得重要进展.     

Zimbabwean farmers in Nigeria: exceptional farmers or spectacular support?

Since 2004, white commercial farmers displaced under Zimbabwe's fast-track land reform programme have established new successful farms near the central Nigerian town of Shonga. This article explores the basis of that success. It addresses three key questions: (1) What has actually happened near Shonga since 2004? (2) What or who is driving the process of agrarian transformation? And (3) What are the long-term consequences for the peasantry since Nigerian agriculture is still largely peasant-based? It argues that contrary to popular myths of ‘enterprising’ white Zimbabwean farmers, the process is driven by a complex group of actors, including the national and regional states. Comparative evidence from similar transplantations of Zimbabwean farmers suggests that active state support is central to the success of Shonga. With respect to the relationship between the commercial farms and the peasantry, it is argued that all the synergies included in the project design to promote a symbiotic development have failed to materialize. As a result, the peasantry faces a process of ‘development by dispossession’.