全文获取类型
收费全文 | 13712篇 |
免费 | 249篇 |
专业分类
各国政治 | 607篇 |
工人农民 | 1244篇 |
世界政治 | 769篇 |
外交国际关系 | 705篇 |
法律 | 7020篇 |
中国政治 | 55篇 |
政治理论 | 3499篇 |
综合类 | 62篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 40篇 |
2022年 | 20篇 |
2021年 | 43篇 |
2020年 | 93篇 |
2019年 | 123篇 |
2018年 | 1434篇 |
2017年 | 1367篇 |
2016年 | 1231篇 |
2015年 | 213篇 |
2014年 | 181篇 |
2013年 | 949篇 |
2012年 | 371篇 |
2011年 | 1067篇 |
2010年 | 1144篇 |
2009年 | 724篇 |
2008年 | 921篇 |
2007年 | 912篇 |
2006年 | 226篇 |
2005年 | 252篇 |
2004年 | 358篇 |
2003年 | 303篇 |
2002年 | 203篇 |
2001年 | 110篇 |
2000年 | 111篇 |
1999年 | 112篇 |
1998年 | 103篇 |
1997年 | 107篇 |
1996年 | 94篇 |
1995年 | 92篇 |
1994年 | 98篇 |
1993年 | 83篇 |
1992年 | 68篇 |
1991年 | 67篇 |
1990年 | 69篇 |
1989年 | 57篇 |
1988年 | 64篇 |
1987年 | 46篇 |
1986年 | 51篇 |
1985年 | 43篇 |
1984年 | 48篇 |
1983年 | 44篇 |
1982年 | 36篇 |
1981年 | 34篇 |
1980年 | 23篇 |
1979年 | 26篇 |
1978年 | 31篇 |
1977年 | 26篇 |
1976年 | 15篇 |
1975年 | 16篇 |
1974年 | 32篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
851.
852.
A validation study for the extraction and analysis of DNA from human nail material and its application to forensic casework. 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
T D Anderson J P Ross R K Roby D A Lee M M Holland 《Journal of forensic sciences》1999,44(5):1053-1056
A validation study was conducted to demonstrate that deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) could be successfully extracted from human nail material and analyzed using short tandem repeat (STR) profiling and/or mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequencing. This study involved the development of a DNA extraction protocol that includes a cleaning procedure designed to remove external contaminants (e.g., biological, chemical). This protocol was used to test human nail material that had been soaked in whole blood from a second donor and coated with gold-palladium to simulate scanning electron microscopic analysis. The results showed no indication of a mixture and were consistent with that of the nail donor. Fresh human nail material usually yielded both STR profiles and mtDNA sequence information; however, aged human nail material (approximately eight years old) yielded only mtDNA sequence information. Upon completion of the validation study, the extraction protocol was used for the analysis of a torn fingernail fragment recovered from the scene of a violent homicide in 1983. A partial STR profile and mtDNA sequence information indicated that the fingernail fragment was excluded as originating from the suspect and was, in fact, consistent with originating from one of the victims. 相似文献
853.
854.
Doreen A. Rosenthal Ross M. Gurney Susan M. Moore 《Journal of youth and adolescence》1981,10(6):525-537
A new inventory for examining the first six of Erikson's psychosocial stages is described. The self-report questionnaire, developed in a pilot study of 97 adolescents and tested in a study of 622 adolescents, has 12 items for each subscale. Measures of reliability and validity are reported. It is concluded that the Erikson Psychosocial Stage Inventory (EPSI) is a useful measure for researchers interested in development from early adolescence and in mapping changes as a function of life events.This research was supported by a grant from the Education Research and Development Committee.Received Ph.D. from University of Melbourne. Current research interests are adolescent adjustment, ethnicity, and sex-role psychology.Received Ph.D. from University of Melbourne. Current research interests are effects of unemployment and adolescent adjustment.Received Ph.D. from Florida State University. Current research interests are sex-role psychology and adolescence. 相似文献
855.
Michael A. Marino M.S. Brandy Voyer B.S. Robert B. Cody Ph.D. A. John Dane Ph.D. Mercurio Veltri Pharm.D. Ling Huang Ph.D. 《Journal of forensic sciences》2016,61(Z1):S82-S91
The usage of herbal incenses containing synthetic cannabinoids has caused an increase in medical incidents and triggered legislations to ban these products throughout the world. Law enforcement agencies are experiencing sample backlogs due to the variety of the products and the addition of new and still‐legal compounds. In our study, proton nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy was employed to promptly screen the synthetic cannabinoids after their rapid, direct detection on the herbs and in the powders by direct analysis in real time mass spectrometry (DART‐MS). A simple sample preparation protocol was employed on 50 mg of herbal sample matrices for quick NMR detection. Ten synthetic cannabinoids were discovered in fifteen herbal incenses. The combined DART‐MS and NMR methods can be used to quickly screen synthetic cannabinoids in powder and herbal samples, serving as a complementary approach to conventional GC‐MS or LC‐MS methods. 相似文献
856.
Samuel Popkin 《Society》2007,44(5):37-44
This article attempts to identify the general principles that underlie public reasoning about collective obligations and that
help explain when political parties can create new obligations or defend existing ones. I use these principles to President
Clinton’s unsuccessful attempt to create government health-care plan and attempts by President Bush to privatize Social Security.
The success of a party in selling – or defeating – an obligation depends upon what people believe about the competence and
capacity of government and the value of autonomy – choices made by each citizen; whether people perceive the obligation as
providing floors or establishing ceilings by limiting choice or otherwise restricting opportunities for the better-off; and
whether the program is more like insurance or more like welfare. A party’s ability to maintain credibility with voters also
depends upon whether party leaders can suppress issues that threaten intra-party elite pacts. When attempts to suppress “taboo”
issues like “stem cells” or “black crime” fail, the party loses credibility with its voters and attempts to defend or sell
obligations fail.
相似文献
Samuel PopkinEmail: |
857.
858.
Michael J. Prince 《Canadian public administration. Administration publique du Canada》2010,53(3):293-322
Abstract: This article examines federal legislation, An Act to Amend the Canada Pension Plan and the Old Age Security Act (Bill C-36), from the vantage point of the contemporary politics of welfare state reform. Government decisions on the Canadian Pension Plan (CPP) and Old Age Security (OAS) made in the 1990s noticeably generated political and administrative feedback to the policy agenda and policy development processes. Bill C-36 was the response by policy-makers to solve these issues and use the occasion to make other changes they had been contemplating. The legislative reforms contained the imposition of specific losses for one group; the introduction of benefits for another group, both geographically diffuse clienteles; and, for all covered by these programs, modest improvements in service provision. Inside the federal public service, officials responsible for the CPP Disability program acted effectively as policy entrepreneurs, making use of a window of opportunity, and the necessity of amending the legislation, prompted by the focusing event of a critical audit report. 相似文献
859.
Pia Abel Dragana Damjanovic Michael Holoubek Kerstin Holzinger 《Journal für Rechtspolitik》2008,16(4):219-268
Zusammenfassung Die im Nachfolgenden abgedruckte Studie wurde im Auftrag der Bundesarbeitskammer ?sterreich erstellt. Ihr Anliegen ist es,
M?glichkeiten einer verst?rkten Verankerung der energiepolitischen Zielsetzung "Versorgungssicherheit" im ?sterreichischen
Elektrizit?tsrecht auszuloten. Auf Basis des geltenden gemeinschaftsrechtlichen Rechtsrahmens, werden Spielr?ume, die sich
für eine Regelung von Aspekten der Versorgungssicherheit nutzen lassen, ermittelt und entsprechende rechtspolitische Vorschl?ge
erarbeitet. Die Studie gliedert sich nach den drei Marktstufen des Elektrizit?tssektors: der Ebene der Erzeugung, des Netzbetriebs
und der Lieferung (Versorgung mit Strom). Die Rechtslage, Entscheidungspraxis der Regulierungsbeh?rden, Gerichtsentscheidungen
und Literatur sind auf dem Stand April 2008 verarbeitet. 相似文献
860.
Larry J. Nelson Laura M. Padilla-Walker Sarah Badger Carolyn McNamara Barry Jason S. Carroll Stephanie D. Madsen 《Journal of youth and adolescence》2008,37(5):605-615
Many studies have documented the ways in which shyness can be a barrier to personal well-being and social adjustment throughout
childhood and adolescence; however, less is known regarding shyness in emerging adulthood. Shyness as experienced during emerging
adulthood may continue to be a risk factor for successful development. The purpose of this study was to compare shy emerging
adults with their non-shy peers in (a) internalizing behaviors, (b) externalizing behaviors, and (c) close relationships.
Participants included 813 undergraduate students (500 women, 313 men) from a number of locations across the United States.
Results showed that relatively shy emerging adults, both men and women, had more internalizing problems (e.g., anxious, depressed,
low self-perceptions in multiple domains), engaged in fewer externalizing behaviors (e.g., less frequent drinking), and experienced
poorer relationship quality with parents, best friends, and romantic partners than did their non-shy peers.
Larry J. Nelson is an Associate Professor in the School of Family Life at Brigham Young University. He received his Ph.D. in 2000 from the University of Maryland, College Park. His major research interests are in social and self development during early childhood and emerging adulthood. Laura M. Padilla-Walker is an Assistant Professor in the School of Family Life at Brigham Young University. She received her Ph.D. in 2005 from the University of Nebraska—Lincoln. Her major research interests center on the parent-adolescent relationship as it relates to adolescents’ moral and prosocial behaviors and internalization of values. Sarah Badger received her Ph.D. in 2005 from Brigham Young University. Her major research interests are marriage formation and development as well as emerging adulthood and marriage readiness. Carolyn McNamara Barry is an Assistant Professor of Psychology at Loyola College in Maryland. She received her Ph.D. in 2001 from the University of Maryland, College Park. Her major research interests are in social and self development during adolescence and emerging adulthood. Jason S. Carroll is an Associate Professor in the School of Family Life at Brigham Young University. He received his Ph.D. in 2001 from the University of Minnesota. His major research interests are in marriage formation and development as well as emerging adulthood and marriage readiness. Stephanie D. Madsen is an Associate Professor of Psychology at McDaniel College. She received her Ph.D. in 2001 from the Institute of Child Development, University of Minnesota. She is particularly interested in how relationships with significant others impact child and adolescent development. 相似文献
Larry J. NelsonEmail: |
Larry J. Nelson is an Associate Professor in the School of Family Life at Brigham Young University. He received his Ph.D. in 2000 from the University of Maryland, College Park. His major research interests are in social and self development during early childhood and emerging adulthood. Laura M. Padilla-Walker is an Assistant Professor in the School of Family Life at Brigham Young University. She received her Ph.D. in 2005 from the University of Nebraska—Lincoln. Her major research interests center on the parent-adolescent relationship as it relates to adolescents’ moral and prosocial behaviors and internalization of values. Sarah Badger received her Ph.D. in 2005 from Brigham Young University. Her major research interests are marriage formation and development as well as emerging adulthood and marriage readiness. Carolyn McNamara Barry is an Assistant Professor of Psychology at Loyola College in Maryland. She received her Ph.D. in 2001 from the University of Maryland, College Park. Her major research interests are in social and self development during adolescence and emerging adulthood. Jason S. Carroll is an Associate Professor in the School of Family Life at Brigham Young University. He received his Ph.D. in 2001 from the University of Minnesota. His major research interests are in marriage formation and development as well as emerging adulthood and marriage readiness. Stephanie D. Madsen is an Associate Professor of Psychology at McDaniel College. She received her Ph.D. in 2001 from the Institute of Child Development, University of Minnesota. She is particularly interested in how relationships with significant others impact child and adolescent development. 相似文献