Le ministère de l'Education du Québec et la gestion de l'enseignement supérieur

Sommaire. Dans cet article portant sur la gestion de l'enseignement supérieur, au Québec, l'auteur fait porter l'essentiel de son analyse sur le rôle du ministère de l'Education comme principal gestionnaire du système universitaire québécois. Dans une première partie, il situe le ministère dans l'ensemble de ce système et décrit globalement le type de relations qui existent entre les divers agents ou intervenants en matière de planification et de gestion. L'accent y est mis, en particulier, sur la planification des ← missions → universitaires et sur le contrôle exercé par le ministère dans le cadre de la gestion de celles-ci. S'inspirant, dans une seconde section, d'une certaine typologie des contrôles, l'auteur tente d'en préciser la nature et d'en mesurer l'étendue dans un contexte où les établissements universitaires jouissent d'une large autonomie de gestion. Enfin, dans une troisième partie, plusieurs interrogations sont soulevées par auteur notamment à propos de l'efficacité des contrôles exerés par le ministère et des effets de ceux-ci sur le fonctionnement du système et son environnement. La démarche retenue par l'auteur amène le dernier, à faire quelques suggestions en matière de planification, budgétisation et contrôle de l'enseignement supérieur québécois. Présenté, pour la première fois, à la Commission d'etude sur les universités, en 1978, cet article a, par la suite, fait l'objet de modifications importantes, notamment au chapitre de l'évaluation de l'efficacité des contrôles exerés parle ministère de l'Education. Abstract. In this article on the management of higher education in Quebec, the author concentrates his analysis on the role of the Ministry of Education as principal administrator of Quebec's university system. He first establishes the ministry's place within the system and broadly describes the relationships between the various agents or interveners in the field of planning and management. Particular emphasis is given to the planning of university ‘missions’ and the extent of ministerial control over their management. In a second section, the author, on the basis of a certain typology of controls, seeks to define their nature and measure their extent in a context within which universities enjoy considerable administrative autonomy. Finally, the author poses a number of questions as to the effectiveness of the controls exercised by the ministry and their effect on the system's functioning and its environment. The method chosen by the author leads him to make a number of suggestions at the levels of planning, budgeting and control of higher education in Quebec. Submitted to the Commission d'étude sur les universités for the first time in 1978, this article has undergone major modifications, particularly in the section dealing with the effectiveness of the controls exercised by the Ministry of Education.     

Devolution and outsourcing of municipal services in Kampala city,Uganda: an early assessment

The late 1980s saw the beginning of wide‐ranging economic and political reforms in Africa, prompted by both external and internal pressures. Demands for political reform pushed for democratisation, including decentralisation of power and resources to lower levels of government. Alongside pressures for democratisation were those for economic liberalisation, including the rolling back of the state characterised by, among other things, reducing its role in service provision. This article looks at aspects of political and economic liberalisation in Uganda, involving devolution and outsourcing of service provision in Kampala city. It focuses on the city's experience with devolution and outsourcing of solid waste management. It shows that, pockets of resistance notwithstanding, the reforms enjoyed widespread popularity and led to many positive changes. In addition, it shows that they begot problems and encountered others that rendered the process of change more problematic than its advocates had anticipated. Its major conclusion is that while devolution and outsourcing are useful tools for improving service delivery, they cannot ensure long‐term success in the absence of financial, technical and managerial capacity on the part of contractors and contracting authorities. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Links with the past: mainland China's online literary communities and their antecedents

This article compares Chinese literary journals from the early twentieth century with a Mainland Chinese literary website from the early twenty-first century. In both these periods, literary practice underwent significant changes as a result of major changes in the technological processes involved in the production and distribution of texts. Five aspects of these changes are examined: the mixed media environment, the provision of information about authors' identities, engagement with social issues, community building, and the relationship with serious literature. The article argues that a very traditional Chinese view of literature as a socially embedded act of communication continued to play a significant role in both periods, and was even further enhanced through interaction with the new technologies. Despite the fact that both types of publication appeal(ed) to large readerships, it is argued that it is not helpful simply to consider them as ‘popular literature’. Both the journals from 100 years ago and the website of today represent literary communities that share a serious view of literature, albeit one that is not compatible with the familiar New Literature paradigm.     

National identity and Taiwan's Mainland China policy

Taiwan is a mildly divided society—divided essentially along the lines of national identity. Indeed, there is no doubt that national identity is the dominant factor affecting Taiwan's mainland China policy. Other factors such as business interests and security concerns may enter the picture from time to time, but they often get bogged down in the national identity controversies. As a matter of fact, there is high correlation between people's attitudes toward business and security concerns and their positions on the national identity issue. The key to understanding Taiwan's mainland China policy is thus the distribution of voters on the national identity issue and how it is translated into the political fortunes of various political parties in the electoral game.     

North American first peoples: slipping up into market citizenship?

This article explores the nature of Aboriginal demands for a citizenship regime grounded in a substantive recognition of cultural difference and inherent rights in Mexico and Canada. It provides an overview of the different evolution of Aboriginal citizenship in each country but focuses on two recent development projects, the Puebla Panama Plan in Mexico and the Mackenzie Valley pipeline in Canada. These cases demonstrate the ways in which neo‐liberal globalism is reshaping the substantive recognition of Aboriginal cultural difference and inherent rights. While contemporary neo‐liberal rhetoric recognizes cultural difference, the models of development employed effectively separate territory from the ideas of self‐government, culture and identity. The article concludes that the neo‐liberal turn in the construction of Aboriginal citizenship undercuts potentially much richer conceptions of Indigenous citizenship offered by the First Peoples of North America.     

Decentralisation of service delivery as adopted by the Central District Council in Botswana

The Central District Council (CDC) in Botswana expanded service delivery to five sub‐districts in January 2000 using a model adapted from the South Somerset District Council, UK. As little data were available on the effectiveness of decentralised service delivery, officials and councillors throughout CDC were interviewed regarding their perception of the process. They not only provided recommendations for enhanced implementation but also identified some of the tensions resulting from it. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Palestinian state‐building: police and citizens as test of democracy

This article explores police‐society relations by assessing the impact of current state‐building efforts by the Palestinian National Authority (PNA) in the Gaza Strip and part of the West Bank. The article presents an outline of the emerging civilian policing model and its wider implications for citizens’ rights and the dominant political order. The specific focus of the paper rests on an examination of the potential tensions associated with the perceived need for strong coercive security structures (including the civil police) as part of state‐building efforts and the desire by the population for increased freedom and pluralism. This issue is further complicated by the ambiguous nature of the current experiment in limited autonomy underway in those areas of the West Bank and Gaza Strip where Israeli redeployment has taken place.     

The Shi'a of Saudi Arabia: a minority in search of cultural authenticity

This article focuses on the transformation of Saudi Shi'a resistance from one which centred on military confrontation in the 1980s to one which invokes searching for cultural authenticity (al‐asala al‐shi'iyya) in the 1990s. Today the struggle of the Shi'a for equal status among the Sunni majority draws attention to the attempts of Shi'a intellectuals to write their own regional history. Shi'a intellectuals and opposition leaders deconstruct official representations of themselves and provide alternative historical narratives which anchor their community in Saudi history and society, thus dismissing suggestions that they are a non‐indigenous community. This article examines Shi'a historical narratives in an attempt to understand the transformation in their struggle against discrimination in Saudi Arabia.     

Risk management for targeting customs controls in developing countries: a risky venture for revenue performance?

Customs authorities in developing countries are often reluctant to forget systematic inspections for fear of risking revenue loss. Such physical inspections however, impede rather than facilitate trade. Control selectivity is therefore a key issue in customs administration reform. This paper shows how a sophisticated risk management method can facilitate trade by automatically and rationally selecting transactions, with the end result of actually enhancing revenue performance. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.