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This study examined patrol officer use of force and exposure to resistance on a gendered basis in an urban police department. Using data from use of force reports for the year 2000, a weighted force factor value was calculated for each officer. These values were then compared by officer gender. The mean value for both females and males was positive, indicating a tendency to employ lower force levels in response to higher levels of resistance. The male officer weighted force factor value, however, was significantly larger than that for the females. Placed within the context of the use of force continuum, this result suggested that male officer use of force vis-à-vis subject resistance spanned a wider range. Alternatively, female officers could be viewed as operating within a narrower range of the force continuum. One interpretation of this finding was that female and male officers responded differentially to subject resistance levels. 相似文献
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Michelle D. Bonner 《拉美政治与社会》2005,47(4):55-76
Defining the rights that must be protected in a democracy is an integral component of the process of democratization. In the case of Argentina, the definition of these rights results partly from important debates between human rights organizations (HROs) and the state. Argentine HROs have framed their demands for state protection of human rights in terms of the need to protect the family. Yet HROs' successes in using international courts as arbiters may be reducing their need to present their demands in this framework. 相似文献
496.
Parental Use of Physical Punishment as Related to Family Environment, Psychological Well-being, and Personality in Undergraduates 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Corrine E. Leary Michelle L. Kelley Jennifer Morrow Peter J. Mikulka 《Journal of family violence》2008,23(1):1-7
Childhood experiences of physical punishment were examined as related to perceptions of family environment during childhood
and affective and personality outcomes of college students. From the 274 respondents who participated, scores were compared
for the participants with the 75 highest and 75 lowest physical discipline scores based on the Conflict Tactics Scale (CTSPC-CA).
Respondents who experienced the highest level of physical punishment in their families of origin reported higher family conflict,
more negative parental relationships, greater family worries, more depressive symptoms, more perceived nonsupport, greater
identity problems, and more negative social relationships. Respondents in the low physical punishment group reported higher
positive family affect. Results suggest that experiencing physical discipline as a child may be related to one’s family environment
and psychological well-being in young adulthood. 相似文献
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The current study examined how antisocial personality disorder (APD) and substance use disorder contributed to partners’ reports of physical partner violence among single and dual substance-abusing couples. Participants were 69 heterosexual couples entering treatment in which one or both partners met criteria for substance use disorder. APD diagnosis of the male partner was linked to significantly higher male-to-female and female-to-male perpetration of physical partner violence and victimization. Female partner’s APD diagnosis was associated with women’s reports of victimization by their male partners. Dual substance use diagnosis emerged as a moderator, in which the effect of men’s APD diagnosis on men’s perpetration of physical partner violence and victimization was significantly reduced if both partners had substance use disorder. Findings underscore the importance of both partners’ APD diagnosis and substance use status for understanding physical partner violence among single and dual substance-abusing couples. 相似文献
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Michelle C. Pautz 《政策研究评论》2009,26(5):533-550
Discussions in environmental policy often focus on the highest levels of decision making and action while paying scant attention to those individuals on the front lines. Among those frequently overlooked are the individuals at regulated facilities who interact with government regulators on a frequent basis. Interviews with nearly two dozen facility personnel in Virginia yield findings that challenge common perceptions of the relationships between facility personnel and inspectors. In particular, 86 percent of facility personnel, representing a range of regulated facilities from prisons to landfills to dry cleaners, said their interactions with inspectors were positive. Approximately 70 percent of them said that they trust inspectors and provided evidence of trust in their stories. The ramifications of these findings for environmental policy could be potentially significant because facility personnel are presumed to be adversarial, if not outright hostile, and this assumption impacts the design and implementation of environmental regulations. 相似文献