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241.
242.
Michelle Madden Dempsey 《Criminal Law and Philosophy》2014,8(3):557-567
243.
ABSTRACT This study explores the role and function of homicidal and sexual violence in cases of stranger sexual homicide. The aim was to determine whether the instrumental/expressive hypothesis of physical violence and the overt/covert hypothesis of sexual violence applies to this crime. The method involved an analysis of the crime scene actions of 81 British stranger sexual killers using multidimensional scaling. Results suggest the instrumental/expressive hypothesis of physical violence and the overt/covert hypothesis of sexual violence does apply to stranger sexual homicide but they manifest as instrumental/overt and expressive/covert superordinate themes comprising four sub-themes reflecting rape, impersonal sexual assault, overkill and control. Although these superordinate themes can explain some stranger sexual homicides, a key hypothesis of this study is that the four sub-themes can also combine into different superordinate themes, knowledge of which can aid our understanding of this serious and deviant form of interpersonal violence. 相似文献
244.
Michelle Nel 《Journal of Intervention and Statebuilding》2020,14(2):237-252
ABSTRACTGlobal complexity and limitations in the United Nation's legal framework necessitates collaboration with regional organisations, creating tension between the legal frameworks guiding peacekeeping, the use of force, and intervention practices within the increasing complexity of peace enforcement and stabilisation missions with a Protection of Civilians mandate. With the UNs lack of impetus in clarifying stabilisation as a concept, the use of force required for stabilisation cannot be justified, necessitating the use of regional organisations' more flexible legal frameworks. The continued complexity of contemporary peace and security requires a reassessment of peacekeeping doctrine that, if left unaddressed, risk condemnation for illegal ‘peacekeeping'. 相似文献
245.
Rachel Armitage Leanne Monchuk Michelle Rogerson 《European Journal on Criminal Policy and Research》2011,17(1):29-54
This paper reports on the findings of a collaborative project (funded by the Home Office and managed by the Commission for
Architecture and the Built Environment - CABE) which was conducted in late 2009 and early 2010. The project set out to strengthen
and update the evidence base on the impact of design on a range of crime types – with a specific focus upon housing developments
acclaimed for their innovative design and award winning architecture. This paper presents the findings of an in-depth assessment
of the impact of housing design features on crime. Utilising a comprehensive data collection exercise, the specific design
features of thousands of homes were collated and assessed against police recorded crime data. The design features were based
upon the key elements of Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design (CPTED) including road layout, house design, surveillance,
territoriality, car parking, communal space, management and maintenance and physical security. The unique and painstaking
methodology not only provided an excellent dataset for analysis, but also highlighted the need both for greater conceptual
clarity within CPTED and for crime-risk assessments to be based on the careful operationalisation and measurement of CPTED
factors. As well as assessing the impact of specific (and combined) design features upon crime, the research also resulted
in the production of a new data collection tool designed to address the weaknesses of existing checklists in assessing innovative
contemporary developments, which are often unconventional in nature. The paper explores the degree of conflict and/or synergy
between the traditional principles of CPTED and contemporary directions in architecture and design. Finally the paper considers
the extent to which traditional CPTED principles remain relevant within contemporary residential developments and explores
whether areas of revision are required. 相似文献
246.
247.
Louisiana ranks forty-ninth nationally in birth outcomes indicators such as infant mortality and in the percentage of low birth weight and very low birth weight babies. This article describes the formation of the Birth Outcomes Initiative, a statewide targeted investment to reduce poor birth outcomes. It describes how the initiative is a result of the convergence of the triad of well-defined problems, a credible array of potential solutions, and favorable political process. It then describes the Birth Outcomes Initiative in Louisiana, a targeted program to improve health indicators for reproductive-aged women and reduce the incidence of prematurity, low birth weight, and infant mortality. 相似文献
248.
It is well documented that most trauma survivors recover from adversity and only a number of them go on to develop posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). In addition, survivors of interpersonal trauma (IPT) appear to be at heightened risk for developing PTSD in comparison to survivors of noninterpersonal trauma (NIPT). Despite a robust association between IPT exposure and attachment disruptions, there is a dearth of research examining the role of attachment-related processes implicated in predicting PTSD. Using a sample of college undergraduates exposed to IPT and NIPT, this study explores the mediating effect of self-worth in the relationship between attachment and PTSD. It is hypothesized that insecure attachment will be related to posttraumatic symptomatology via a reduced sense of self-worth in IPT survivors but not in NIPT survivors. Mediation analyses provide support for this hypothesis, suggesting the importance of considering negative cognitions about the self in therapeutic interventions, particularly those offered to IPT survivors. 相似文献
249.
Cesar J. Rebellon Michelle E. ManasseKaren T. Van Gundy Ellen S. Cohn 《Journal of criminal justice》2012,40(3):230
Purpose
While a growing body of empirical literature supports many key predictions of General Strain Theory (GST), the subjective perception of injustice remains a theoretically important but empirically under-researched type of strain. The present study therefore examines the relations among perceived injustice, anger, and rule-violation.Methods
Using a sample of middle- and high-school students from 12 schools in Southern New Hampshire, the present study tests GST via a series of OLS, negative binomial, and structural equation analyses using a more precise measure of perceived injustice than prior work and extensive statistical controls for such variables as self-control, differential association, attitudes toward delinquency, and alternative strain measures in a longitudinal context.Results
Results yield strong support for the notions that perceived injustice promotes delinquency and that this relationship is mediated by situational anger.Conclusions
Perceived injustice appears to be an important type of strain that should be incorporated into future research and addressed by future delinquency prevention efforts. 相似文献250.
Jordens CF O'Connor MA Kerridge IH Stewart C Cameron A Keown D Lawrence RJ McGarrity A Sachedina A Tobin B 《Journal of law and medicine》2012,19(3):497-511
Umbilical cord blood is a valuable source of haematopoietic stem cells. There is little information about whether religious affiliations have any bearing on attitudes to and decisions about its collection, donation and storage. The authors provided information about umbilical cord blood banking to expert commentators from six major world religions (Catholicism, Anglicanism, Islam, Judaism, Hinduism and Buddhism) and asked them to address a specific set of questions in a commentary. The commentaries suggest there is considerable support for umbilical cord blood banking in these religions. Four commentaries provide moral grounds for favouring public donation over private storage. None attach any particular religious significance to the umbilical cord or to the blood within it, nor place restrictions on the ethnicity or religion of donors and recipients. Views on ownership of umbilical cord blood vary. The authors offer a series of general points for those who seek a better understanding of religious perspectives on umbilical cord blood banking. 相似文献