Registration of terms borrowed from another language

In answer to a question referred by a Spanish Court in a disputeas to the validity of the Spanish trade mark MATRATZEN, theEuropean Court of Justice (ECJ) has ruled that trade mark ownersare not precluded by Article 3(1)(b) or (c) of the Trade MarksDirective (Council Directive 89/104) from registering in oneMember State a term borrowed from another language, unless itcan be demonstrated that relevant public in the Member Statein which registration is sought are capable of identifying themeaning of the term.     

Disappointment for cigar enthusiasts: no implied consent to imports of Cuban cigars

In a recent decision judge Fysh QC, sitting as a High CourtJudge, ruled that a consignment of genuine cigars originatingfrom Cuba infringed UK and Community trade marks owned by aCuban company since there was neither express nor implied consentto their importation.     

A failed 'nationalist' endeavor: Egyptian-Sudanese textile trade, 1935-1945

This article examines the attempts of Egypt's nationalist elite to develop economic ties with the Sudan in the hope of strengthening their argument for sovereignty over Sudanese regions. While reviewing Egyptian 'claims' of a culturally, historically, linguistically, and religiously united Nile valley, I examine what scholars of nationalism have theorized are essential conditions and objectives in successful nationalist movements--emphasizing the virtually irrelevant position accorded economic bonds typically. The bulk of the article is an analysis of Egyptian-Sudanese textile trade between 1935 and 1945. This analysis includes an examination of the institutional means established to foster trade with the Sudan, a brief statistical assessment of the textile trade, and an explanation of the causes of failure in these endeavors. Finally, the conclusion links this case study to the question of whether or not economic development, as a nationalist activity binding regions together, can occur prior to state formation.     

Offenders as victims: post-traumatic stress disorder and substance use disorder among male prisoners

Background: Comorbid substance use disorder(s) and post-traumatic stress disorder (SUD-PTSD) is common among prisoners and linked to an increased risk of criminal recidivism; however, little is known about the characteristics of prisoners with this comorbidity. Aim: This study provides a preliminary examination of the clinical and criminal profile of male inmates with symptoms of SUD-PTSD, and examines whether this profile differs according to whether a person has experienced a trauma while in prison. Methods: Thirty male inmates from two correctional centres in Sydney, Australia, were recruited and assessed using a structured interview. Results: The sample reported extensive criminal, substance use and trauma histories. A history of substance dependence was almost universal (90%) and 56.7% met diagnostic criteria for PTSD with the remainder experiencing sub-threshold symptoms. Forty-three per cent reported a traumatic event while in prison. Those who had experienced trauma in prison, compared to those who had not, were more likely to nominate heroin as their main drug of concern and to be receiving drug treatment in prison. There was also a trend toward inmates who had experienced a trauma in prison being more likely than inmates who had no prison trauma to have experienced a physical assault. Conclusion: Male prisoners with SUD-PTSD are a high-needs group yet treatment responses are poor. Further research examining treatment options for this comorbidity may improve prisoner well-being and reduce recidivism.     

Book Reviews

The Way the Modern World Works: World Hegemony to World Impasse. Peter J. Taylor, 1996. Chichester and London: John Wiley. 276 pp.; £18.99 paperback. ISBN 0 471 96586 3

Imagineering Atlanta: The Politics of Place in the City of Dreams. C. Rutheiser, 1996. London: Verso. 324 pp.; £14.00 paperback. ISBN 1 85984 800 1

Represénter la ville, coll.. A. Bailly, C. Baumont, J. Huriot and A. Sallez, 1995. Paris: Economica. 112 pp.; £7.00 paperback. ISBN 2 7178 2956 3

Continental Trading Blocs: The Growth of Regionalism in the World Economy. R. Gibb and W. Michalak (Eds), 1994. Chichester: John Wiley. 302 pp.; £45.00 hardback. ISBN: 4719 49 094

Mapping Desire. D. Bell and G C. Valentine (Eds), 1995. London: Routledge. 370 pp.; £15.99 paperback. ISBN 0 415 1164 1     

Carbon Monoxide Poisoning and Death in a Large Enclosed Ventilated Area

A 55‐year‐old man with a medical history of tobacco use suddenly collapsed while power washing an empty indoor pool in a hotel. The decedent was transported to the local hospital where he was pronounced. A postmortem examination revealed atherosclerotic heart disease and bilateral pulmonary edema and congestion. A postmortem blood carbon monoxide (CO) level was 27% saturation, and a CO performed on hospital admission blood was 49% saturation. CO poisoning is a common cause of toxicological morbidity and mortality in the United States. The circumstances most often occur in an enclosed environment and may be intentional or unintentional. CO poisoning has been reported in open, well‐ventilated spaces, but rarely results in death. A warning label was present on the engine clearly stating the dangers of CO emission. However, there was a false sense of security due to the large size of the pool room and the presence of industrial blowers that were being used for ventilation.