美国版权担保权益完善中的联邦法优先原则探析

在版权担保权益完善问题上,美国版权法与美国《统一商法典》的规定各不相同。从制定法的角度来看,美国联邦版权法优先于州法既有宪法依据,又有《统一商法典》自身的遵从条款。美国法院在审判实践中体现并深化了与制定法精神相一致的联邦法优先原则。     

职员发明财产权利归属正义

我国以公权理念为基础,在职员职务发明成果财产权利分配方面存在绝对单一归属的问题,违背了智力财产私权性的法律原则和“投资决定产出”的经济公理,挫伤了发明人的创造积极性,影响了我国科技发展的进程。我国的“厚雇主”倾向、美国的“厚雇员”原则以及法国的"折衷"主义均有失偏颇。应当建立职务发明的类型化,以投资作为归属的基本考量,建立以财产权利共享、开发风险共担为核心的职务发明归属制度。     

公司实际控制人概念辨析

实际控制人对预防和遏制公司控制权的滥用、依法追究侵害公司和股东利益者的法律责任具有重要的理论和实践意义.实际控制人应当是一个功能上的概念,不必作其他身份上的限制,以免出现空白和漏洞.判断实际控制人应区分不同类型控制人的不同情况,综合考虑各种因素,从"事实控制"和"行为外观"两个角度着手,在具体个案的司法实践中进行裁量.     

三江并流地区经济活动对生态环境的影响及天然林的保护对策

三江并流地区属金沙江、澜沧江、怒江的上游地带,是属于全国仅存的几处天然林资源地区之一.近20年来,当地的天然林资源遭到极大的破坏.根据云南大学唤青社2000年7～8月对该地区的徒步考察,针对这一地区存在的薪柴消耗、畜牧业发展、矿产开发、旅游开发、森工企业对天然林及生态环境的影响形式,提出了调整产业结构、加强教育投资、实行矿产开发中的生态保护、谁受益谁补偿、提高群众环保意识等天然林保护对策,以促进西部环境保护和西部大开发的可持续发展.     

Comparison of 12-Year-Old Children with Prenatal Exposure to Cocaine and Non-Exposed Controls on Caregiver Ratings of Executive Function

Differences in caregiver reported executive function in 12-year-old children who were prenatally exposed to cocaine (PCE) compared to children who were not prenatally exposed to cocaine (NCE) were assessed. One hundred and sixty-nine PCE and 169 NCE, primarily African-American, low socioeconomic status children participated in a prospective longitudinal study. The Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF) Parent Form was administered. Two broadband BRIEF scores (Behavioral Regulation Index (BRI) and Metacognition Index (MI)) and a summary Global Executive Composite (GEC) were computed. Multiple and logistic regression analyses were used to assess the effects of amount of PCE on executive function, controlling for covariates including caregiver (rater) psychological distress, child’s gender and other prenatal drug exposure variables. After adjustment for covariates, amount of PCE was associated with the GEC and two MI subscales, Plan/Organize and Monitor, with heavier exposure associated with more problems of executive function. An amount of PCE by gender interaction revealed amount of PCE effects in other remaining subscales of the MI (Initiate, Working Memory, and Organization of Materials) only among girls. Head circumference did not mediate the effects of cocaine on outcomes. Higher current caregiver psychological distress levels were independently associated with poorer ratings on the executive function scales. Assessment and targeted interventions to improve metacognitive processes are recommended for girls who were prenatally exposed to cocaine.     

关于“沉默权”问题的理性思考

我国“坦白从宽,抗拒从严”政策的精髓在于鼓励有罪的犯罪嫌疑人、被告人坦白认罪,允许其进行无罪或罪轻的辩解,但不承认犯罪嫌疑人、被告人有沉默权。赋予犯罪嫌疑人沉默权,其实际意义就是限制警察的讯问权。我们不主张沉默权,并不意味着警察在讯问犯罪嫌疑人时可以不受任何限制。虽然在某些案件中,口供是必不可少的重要证据,但我们必须严禁刑讯逼供或以威胁引诱、欺骗等非法方式逼取口供。刑事诉讼证据较之民事诉讼中的证据要复杂得多,如果再赋予犯罪嫌疑人沉默权,则无异于为侦查工作设置障碍,将造成案件久侦难破。     

畋论刑事诉讼基本原理（上）

本文探讨了有关刑事诉讼基本原理的若干问题。所谓“刑事诉讼基本原理”,就是对刑事诉讼产生决定性影响的一些带有规律性的东西,或者说是具有指导意义的一些理念。本文概述了九项基本原理,它并非是与司法实践毫无关系的纯学术研究,而是对诉讼立法与司法实践都有重要的指导意义。     

略论刑事诉讼基本原理（下）

本文探讨了有关刑事诉讼基本原理的若干问题。所谓“刑事诉讼基本原理”,就是对刑事诉讼产生决定性影响的一些带有规律性的东西,或者说是具有指导意义的一些理念。本文概述了九项基本原理,它并非是与司法实践毫无关系的纯学术研究,而是对诉讼立法与司法实践都有重要的指导意义。     

重视对思想政治教育接受问题的研究

思想政治教育接受问题是思想政治教育研究的新领域。重视这一问题的研究 ,不仅在理论上扩展了思想政治教育研究的广度和深度 ,而且在实践上有利于增强思想政治教育的针对性和有效性。     

Transnational Human Rights Networks

'Transnational human rights networks' has become a hot research topic for international human rights studies in recent years. It mainly documents and theorizes the transnationalization or internationalization of human rights norms and practices during the last several decades. It began as a distinctive field of research scholarship and has grown to challenge the traditional approaches to international studies. This review introduces the major tenets of this field and, without downplaying their contribution to international studies, it also tries to point out several problems in the conceptualization, theorization and methodology of the current studies on human rights networks. This critical analysis is followed by some suggestions for future studies.