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121.
Drawing on insights garnered from the routine activity and pluralistic conflict perspectives, the present investigation examines
the interrelationships between structural sources of opportunities and motivations to engage in potentially conflictive interactions
with police personnel and assaults against the police. Overall, the longitudinal analyses of the reciprocal relationship between
total and disaggregated measures of arrest and non-lethal assaults within Oklahoma City, Oklahoma tend to produce weak and
insignificant results. The implications of these findings for opportunity theories of crime are discussed. 相似文献
122.
Does incarceration-based drug treatment reduce recidivism? A meta-analytic synthesis of the research 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Ojmarrh Mitchell David B. Wilson Doris L. MacKenzie 《Journal of Experimental Criminology》2007,3(4):353-375
This research synthesized results from 66 published and unpublished evaluations of incarceration-based drug treatment programs using meta-analysis. Incarceration-based drug treatment programs fell into five types: therapeutic communities (TCs), residential substance abuse treatment (RSAT), group counseling, boot camps specifically for drug offenders, and narcotic maintenance programs. We examined the effectiveness of each of these types of interventions in reducing post-release offending and drug use, and we also examined whether differences in research findings can be explained by variations in methodology, sample, or program features. Our results consistently found support for the effectiveness of TC programs on both outcome measures, and this finding was robust to variations in method, sample, and program features. We also found support for the effectiveness of RSAT and group counseling programs in reducing re-offending, but these programs’ effects on drug use were ambiguous. A limited number of evaluations assessed narcotic maintenance or boot camp programs; however, the existing evaluations found mixed support for maintenance programs and no support for boot camps. 相似文献
123.
Douglas Mitchell 《Australian Journal of Public Administration》1982,41(4):372-386
Abstract: This paper examines recent developments in the debate in Britain about the role of public enterprises which are wholly owned by the State, that is, the nationalized industries. The changing political and economic context surrounding public enterprise is briefly outlined and the successive attempts to give operational significance to concepts of accountability and performance are noted. In the light of this review recent developments in the framework of control are discussed. It is argued that the parliamentary system has failed to develop adequate criteria of accountability and performance for the nationalized industries, in part because of inherent difficulties common to systems of representative government, which in Britain have been exacerbated by a declining rate of economic growth and attendant attempts to reduce public expenditure. 相似文献
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Governmentality and the War on Terror: FBI Project Carnivore and the Diffusion of Disciplinary Power
Social control capabilities have increased significantly over the past several decades, particularly because of an increased utilization of technologically advanced surveillance methods. Following the tragic events of September 11,2001, U.S. Congress and the present Administration have granted law enforcement considerable new powers in the enforcement and prevention of terrorism-related crime. Collectively labeled under the heading of the so-called war on terror , the scope of such laws, policies and directives are challenged by civil rights organizations and numerous legislators for lack of definitional precision, arbitrary application of sanctions, and violation of privacy laws. One of federal law enforcements surveillance tools is Project Carnivore, a Justice Department Internet surveillance program that is administered by the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) to access information flowing to and from a central processing unit on a network connection. While, theoretically relying on Michel Foucaults theory of discipline and governmentality, as well as related insights in the social control literature, this paper examines Project Carnivore relative to the larger context of state rationality and related privacy issues. 相似文献
127.
In a recent paper, we posited that tolerance and intolerance judgments are characterized by two forms of variance. First,
the distinction between tolerance and intolerance is dichotomous in that individuals are or are not willing to extend the
full rights of citizenship to all others without exception. Second, among those not so willing, variance exists in the breadth
and depth of their intolerance. James Gibson challenges our view, arguing that we have advanced a fundamental shift in how
tolerance is conceptualized, and that this shift is not warranted empirically because very few Americans are tolerant under
our definition. In this response, we first outline the rationale for why our view does not constitute a significant shift
in the conceptualization of tolerance, but rather is merely an effort to pull the empirical treatment of tolerance into alignment
with the concept’s common definition. Second, we explain that Gibson’s finding that few Americans are tolerant gains noteworthy
meaning and significance from the view of tolerance we present. Lastly, we demonstrate that new insight on the antecedents
of tolerance and intolerance emerges when analyses attend to the two-part structure of tolerance judgments highlighted in
our research. 相似文献
128.
Joshua L. Mitchell 《Local Government Studies》2016,42(5):665-688
This article assesses the role of mass media markets in the diffusion of antismoking legislation in the state of Missouri in the US. Testing multiple diffusion theories, this study finds that media markets can facilitate the diffusion of policies among local jurisdictions by exacerbating intercounty competition. More attention should be given to media markets when assessing policy diffusion mechanisms at the local level. Media markets can be an important source for policy information conveyance among counties over a large geographic area. Furthermore, traditional diffusion studies that rely on geographical contiguity measures may not be completely capturing the existence of diffusion by excluding media markets. 相似文献
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