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151.
Monica Barry 《Critical Criminology》2007,15(2):185-198
Neither the literature on offending nor that on desistance adequately explains the short-term nature of youth offending, young
people’s propensity to desist from offending as they reach early adulthood and the importance of youth transitions in helping
or hindering young people’s access to legitimate and conventional opportunities and responsibilities. It is suggested in this
article that the three phases of offending—onset, maintenance and desistance—run parallel courses with the three phases of
youth transitions—childhood, youth and adulthood and that both these processes are influenced by discrepancies in levels of
capital for young people at each stage. In a recent Scottish study of desistance, Bourdieu’s concepts of capital are used
to demonstrate the commonalities between youth offending and youth transitions and to better understand young people’s search
for integration and recognition—whether this be through offending or conventionality. The article concludes that the concepts
of capital and youth transitions could both be employed more usefully in the field of criminology to explain the transient
nature of offending in youth and the greater likelihood of desistance once legitimate and sustainable opportunities are found
to spend as well as to accumulate capital in early adulthood.
相似文献
Monica BarryEmail: |
152.
Environmental effectiveness and economic consequences of fragmented versus universal regimes: what can we learn from model studies? 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Andries F. Hof Michel G. J. den Elzen Detlef P. van Vuuren 《International Environmental Agreements: Politics, Law and Economics》2009,9(1):39-62
A post-2012 regime aimed at reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions could develop towards a universal or fragmented regime.
The fundamental difference between a universal and a fragmented regime is that the first involves a single comprehensive climate
regime in which all countries participate, whereas the second involves either multiple treaties or a single treaty in which
not all countries participate. This study assesses the literature on a wide range of different model studies concerning the
environmental effectiveness and economic consequences of various universal and fragmented climate regimes. The most important
conclusions (e.g. relative position of regions in terms of costs) are generally consistent across different studies, despite
the differences in methodology. We conclude that stabilising GHG concentrations at low levels is more costly with a fragmented
regime than with a universal regime, because reduction targets must be achieved by a smaller number of countries or because
fragmented treaties may prevent reducing GHGs where it is cheapest to do so. However, establishing a universal regime will
be challenging due to cost differences between regions if emissions are allocated based on specific allocation rules and incentives
to free-ride on a universal regime. Even though alternative behaviours such as responsibility, the implementation of transfer
schemes or exclusive membership can increase the likelihood of achieving a universal regime, a fragmented regime seems more
feasible. Therefore, a transitional fragmented ‘coalition of the willing’ could be established first, which could provide
the basis for a larger, universal regime in the long term.
相似文献
Andries F. HofEmail: |
153.
Many judges experience occupation‐specific stress, such as secondary traumatic stress (STS), burnout, compassion fatigue, and vicarious traumatization. A content analysis of 762 judges’ open‐ended responses to a survey asking whether they had suffered from STS revealed that judges moderately experienced most types of stress. Some case types (e.g., family court) and some job aspects (e.g., gruesome evidence) were particularly stressful. Judges reported both positive (e.g., social support) and negative (e.g., distractions) coping mechanisms. Interventions should be tailored to judges’ characteristics, (e.g., gender), job (e.g., family court), beliefs (e.g., that STS does not exist), and level of distress. 相似文献
154.
Ojmarrh Mitchell Monica Landers Melissa Morales 《American Journal of Criminal Justice》2018,43(3):603-626
A growing body of research assesses the relationship between fatherhood and desistance. Qualitative studies typically find fatherhood reduces offending, especially substance use; yet, quantitative studies have produced mixed findings. Guided by life-course theory, this study hypothesizes that fatherhood affects certain kinds of offending and fatherhood’s effects on offending are most pronounced among fathers who reside with their child. To test our hypotheses, NLSY97 data are employed along with fixed-effects regression analyses to estimate the relationship between fatherhood and offending, while controlling for time-varying and time-stable competing factors. Periods of fatherhood are associated with reductions in licit and illicit substance use but not other kinds of offending, and these effects are considerably stronger in periods in which fathers resided in the same household as their child. By contrast, residential fatherhood is associated with reductions in property offending and arrest. These results confirm the findings of qualitative research in that fatherhood, particularly residential fatherhood, reduces substance use but has weaker effects on other kinds of deviance. 相似文献
155.
This research explores effects of uncertainty and mortality salience on reactions to violations or bolstering of cultural
norms and values. Some recent studies have suggested that worldview defense reactions are better accounted for by reminders
of personal uncertainty than mortality. These findings have been disputed, however, as they have not been found outside the
Netherlands. The current research was conducted in Turkey, a culture distinguished by high uncertainty avoidance values compared
to both the USA and the Netherlands. Results reveal that both uncertainty and mortality salience influence reactions of Turkish
participants to essays negative about basic rights of Turkish women, but that uncertainty salience had larger effects than
mortality salience. We argue that mortality salience may be an indirect manipulation of uncertainty concerns, which explains
why a direct manipulation of uncertainty salience may have a bigger impact on reactions to violations of important cultural
norms and values. 相似文献
156.
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159.
Monica Ciobanu 《Nationalities Papers》2015,43(4):615-633
The purpose of this article is twofold: to provide a critical account of the Pite?ti experiment and its significance within the history of Romanian Communism and to examine current public disputes relative to memorializing the Pite?i experiment that concern issues of legitimacy, collective memory, and identity construction. The main argument pursued here is that within the recent postcommunist politics of memory, one major prevailing trend is to reincorporate a nationalist ideology within a postcommunist rhetoric. This leads to the conclusion that such mnemonic practices indicate a strong relationship between collective memory and political culture. 相似文献
160.