Moral Objectivity and Reasonable Agreement: Can Realism Be Reconciled with Kantian Constructivism?

Abstract. In this paper I analyze the tension between realism and antirealism at the basis of Kantian constructivism. This tension generates a conflictive account of the source of the validity of social norms. On the one hand, the claim to moral objectivity characteristic of Kantian moral theories makes the validity of norms depend on realist assumptions concerning the existence of shared fundamental interests among all rational human beings. I illustrate this claim through a comparison of the approaches of Rawls, Habermas and Scanlon. On the other hand, however, objections to moral realism motivate many Kantian constructivists to endorse the antirealist claim that reasonable agreement is the source of the validity of social norms. After analyzing the difficulties in the latter strategy, I try to show how a balance between the realist and antirealist elements of Kantian constructivism can be reached by drawing a sharper distinction between the justice and the legitimacy of social norms.     

邓小平论科学决策的依据

邓小平作为我国改革开放的总设计师 ,曾多角度、全方位论述了科学决策的依据 ,主要有 :科学决策必须以四项基本原则为基础 ;科学决策必须以基本国情为依据 ;科学决策必须以符合人民利益为根本 ;科学决策必须以推动社会生产力的发展为标准。学习邓小平的科学决策思想 ,对加快制度创新 ,提高工作绩效 ,意义重大而深远。     

对重大环境污染事故罪的探讨

20世纪70年代以来,我国环保工作由于政府的重视而逐渐进入了法制的轨道,大量关于环境保护的法律法规相继出台;但目前仍存在大量的环境污染和环境破坏问题,这给社会经济发展和人民生命财产造成了严重危害。为了适应惩治环境犯罪的需要,重大环境污染事故罪作为新增罪名被写入97刑法中。目前法学界对该罪仍存争议,从犯罪构成要件入手对本罪主、客观要件作一些探讨具有现实意义。     

证据展示制度存在的问题及对策

为了更好的适应刑诉法修改后抗辩式的庭审模式,目前在全国检察机关范围内建立了多个证据展示制度的试点 单位,但实践中发现现行证据展示制度尚存在一些问题,需要采取相应的对策予以完善,试论述如下。     

John Barrett and collective approaches to United States foreign policy in Latin America, 1907-20

As the United States was becoming a major power in the early years of the twentieth century, it was confronted by a dilemma in its desire to promote a democratic free-enterprise system among the republics of the Western hemisphere. Should the United States act unilaterally or collectively to pursue its goals? The rise of the Pan American Union as a collective political and economic organization provided the means to deal with such issues as revolution and economic instabiliry in Latin America. Nations such as Cuba, Nicaragua, Haiti, and the Dominican Republic provided early opportunities to test US policy approaches. However, the Mexican Revolution of 1910, and subsequent civil war, provided a major testing ground for both the Taft and Wilson administrations. Ultimately Woodrow Wilson chose to pursue unilateral military intervention in Mexico despite the offer from the Pan American Union and its director, John Barrett, to provide collective negotiations to avoid war and establish political stabiliry in Mexico. As we enter the twenry-first century, the United States finds itself still confronted by these choices on a global scale.     

印度国大党缘何由盛而衰

印度国大党在领导印度取得独立后,长期处于单独连续执政的地位,并使印度在相当长的时期内保持了政治和社会的稳定,经济也有很大的发展。但就是这个有百年历史的老党却在1996年的国会大选中一败涂地,最终沦为在野党。考察印度国大党由盛而衰的原因,对我国的执政党建设有重要的启示意义。     

浅议对企业名称权中字号的保护

近年来，企业名称冲突的纠纷时有上升，字号侵仅的争议不断发生，本文对企业名称中字号的保护进行了深入的探讨。     

罪犯群体与非正式群体探析

罪犯群体,包括由行刑机关正式组织的群体和由罪犯自发形成的非正式群体.他们作为在行刑场所存在的一种特殊群体,与其它社会群体在成员构成、活动规律、相互关系、群体结构等方面都表现出一定的特殊性.     

The Roots of Global Inequality: The Role of Biogeography and Genetic Diversity

This paper adds further evidence supporting Jared Diamond’s hypothesis that global technological differences in the pre-modern era were fundamentally due to bio-geographic factors: the time elapsed since the onset of agriculture and husbandry, the size of the population relative to the territories, the shape of continents. An alternative hypothesis, that genetic diversity within populations is the ultimate cause of global inequalities, is also examined. Results show how there is no robust evidence supporting a possible effect of genetic diversity on international differences in population density and technology in the pre-modern era.