英国非法证据的处理规则与我国非法证据取舍的理性思考

在英国,证据本身的非法性对证据的可承认性不存在必然和直接的影响,法官所关注的是证据本身的证明价值和它对诉讼的正面意义,故对非法证据的处理实际倾向于适用或总体上适用为原则。而在这一总的原则之下,又通过设置非法证据应具有真实性和其适用不损害实质意义的程序正义的两个限制性条件,确保非法证据适用的安全性、英国这一非法证据的处理规则对我国具有重要的借鉴和参考价值：一方面其符合我国司法运作的低水平现状,具有较强的实用性和可操作性;另一方面也具有科学性和合理性。因此,我国应在坚持非法证据总体适用的原则下,确立排除非法证据的标准。     

论法国移民政策共和同化模式的历史、现状与发展

本文从法国移民政策共和同化模式的基本理念出发,梳理法国移民历史,探讨治理现状;同时基于现代族群理论,分析其局限性及原因;继而,进一步阐释新形势下马克龙政府对共和同化模式的两大基础“世俗化”与“平等”原则的重新解读;最后,文章将分析2018年至今法国《移民法》改革中共和同化模式的变化与发展趋势。通过观察和研究,我们发现法国移民政策逐渐从原来的单向统一模式转变成带有倾向性的开放性模式,法国政府对共和同化模式的态度是坚持、加强、改革和完善,在秉承法兰西传统价值观的前提下,建立一个全面与个性化相结合的移民政策体系。     

基于作者共被引的公共行政研究状况图谱分析——以《Public Administration Review》为研究对象

一门学科的发展离不开优秀专家学者的倾力支持，在公共行政学的形成和发展过程中，同样有一批优秀的公共行政学者推动了公共行政不同分支领域的衍生与发展。运用作者共被引和信息可视化方法，对权威期刊《公共行政评论》（Public Administration Review）于1975--2008年间发表的论文引文中被引频次前50名的学者进行分析。研究结果展现了公共行政领域的主要学术流派，并验证了公共行政研究确实是在沿着范式转移的轨迹更迭交替着。而这种变迁是相对的，大部分时间内，不同范式之间以及和其他学术流派之间是共存、互动甚至交融的。研究还发现，网络化治理正凭借其多中心和网络化的组织基础以及服务治理的先进理念迅速崛起，它将成为公共行政新的研究范式，而基于网络理论的公共行政理论大整合也将很有可能成为公共行政未来的研究热点。此外，实证结果与公共行政范式分类的高度相似性也充分表明了作者共被引和信息可视化方法的科学和有效，它的确为学科范式研究提供了一条定量研究的新思路和一个宏观分析的新视角。     

构建和谐社会:中国犯罪学发展的历史机遇——2006年犯罪学研究述评

构建社会主义和谐社会是中国犯罪学当代发展的宏观社会背景和历史性机遇。进入2006年,我国犯罪学发展已经显现出一种进行知识整理和提速成熟的态势。构建和谐社会、犯罪学研究范式、发展犯罪学、宽严相济刑事政策、少年司法、恢复性司法、刑事和解、社区矫正等,是2006年度我国犯罪学发展中的主旋律、关键词或新概念,它们共同组成了本年度我国犯罪学发展基本脉络中的显著标识点。     

Mandatory Full-Cost Pricing in Public Services: The Case of the ‘Fantask’ Sentence

The sentence issued by the Court of Justice in the Fantask Case defined what sort of policies can be adopted by the Member States in connection with the fees for company registration without contravening the stipulations of Community legislation on raising capital. This article analyses how to set prices that comply with the sentence and at the same time generate efficient incentives. It first reviews to what extent the sentence meets the aims on which it is based. Second, it provides a guide for subsequent development of related jurisprudence. Third, it throws some light on how public authorities can set pricing policies.     

Stature estimation from radiographically determined long bone length in a Spanish population sample

The estimation of stature from of a variety of bones is an important aspect of forensic work. In order to obtain reliable results, it is important to have comparative data obtained from the same population group as the skeletal remains. However, lack of up to date information on the population groups of Southern Europe makes the estimation of stature from bones in this area subject to possible error. In this study, the stature of 104 healthy adults from Spain was measured, and an anteroposterior teleradiograph of the right lower and the right upper limb of every subject in the study was made in order to measure the lengths of the femur, tibia, fibula, humerus, cubitus and ulna. Pearson's regression formulae were obtained for both limbs. In males, we found the femur to be the most accurate predictor of stature (R = 0.851), whereas in females best results were obtained with the tibia (R = 0.876).     

Analysis of DNA in minute volumes of blood from stains and crusts

As the first step, the locus D1S80 was amplified by the polymerase chain reaction technique from genomic DNA extracted from artificial bloodstains and crusts with different amount of blood (32 microl, 16 microl, 8 microl, 4 microl, 2 microl, and 1 microl). In all samples of bloodstains and crusts, identification by DNA analysis was possible. As the second step, the locus HLA-DQA1 was amplified from genomic DNA extracted from diluted blood samples (640, 320, 160, 80, 40, 20, 10, and 5 leukocytes). DNA amplification was possible in diluted blood samples with at least 10 leukocytes. Considering the conditions in which the present study was carried out, it was possible to conclude that 1 microl of bloodstains or crusts was enough for identification. It was also concluded that five leukocytes are not enough material to render consistent DNA identification.     

Harry and Louise and health care reform: romancing public opinion

The question whether the "Harry and Louise" campaign ads, sponsored by the Health Insurance Association of America (HIAA) during the 1993-1994 health care reform debate, influenced public opinion has particular relevance today since interest groups are increasingly choosing commercial-style mass media campaigns to sway public opinion about health policy issues. Our study revisits the issue of the Harry and Louise campaign's influence on public opinion, comparing the ad campaign's messages to changes in opinion about health care reform over a twenty-six-month period in Oklahoma. Looking at the overall trends just prior to the introduction of the Harry and Louise campaign, public opinion was going in the "wrong" direction, from the HIAA perspective. Moreover, public opinion continued in the wrong direction until the mid-point of the campaign. However, in either the turning point of the campaign in terms of message content and tone or in the lag period following it, public opinion reversed on each health reform issue and returned to pre-campaign levels. It appears from these findings that the campaign captured public opinion when support for issues that were unfavorable to HIAA members was increasing and turned public opinion back to pre-campaign levels. The campaign may result in many more such marriages of political interest groups and commercial advertisers for the purpose of demobilizing public support for health policy initiatives that are unfavorable to special interests.