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221.
222.
The necessity of rapid objective appraisal of the suspicion of intracorporeal drug smuggling (body-packing) by effective methods of investigation in the course of the first criminal investigation department measures raises the questions of suitable and admissible methods. The proportion of undetected crimes in intracorporeal narcotic smuggling must be rated as very high according to the data of the Federal Criminal Investigation Department. In the present paper, the suitability of various imaging techniques for drug detection are reported in terms of their risk, practicability and costs. For this purpose, the value of digital radiography, two-spectra radiography and X-ray computer tomography as compared to conventional X-ray investigations is examined in human experiments. A reality-oriented narcotics dummy (glucose pressed hard in preservative) was developed and administered to nine volunteers per os with a variable initial alimentary situation. Four radiograms were taken at fixed times up to 12 hours after administration with each imaging technique. The highest rate of detection was attained with computer tomography. In contrast to the other methods, more than 90% of the body packs could be identified here. Nevertheless, an application in criminal investigation practice cannot be recommended owing to various disadvantages. The recovery rate of the remaining methods is between 20% and 25%. 相似文献
223.
Ana C. Brown Sharlene A. Wolchik Jenn-Yun Tein Irwin N. Sandler 《Journal of youth and adolescence》2007,36(7):927-938
Appraisals about the implications of stressful events that are evaluated as involving a threat to self (negative self-evaluation,
negative evaluation from others, rejection by others) have been shown to place youth at risk for the development of mental
health problems. This longitudinal study tested a protective-stabilizing interactive model, in which high maternal acceptance
was predicted to mitigate the prospective relation between threat to self appraisals and change in adolescents’ mental health
problems six months later. Participants were 89 adolescents from divorced families ages 10–12 and residential mothers. Adolescents
reported on threat to self appraisals from the most stressful event experienced in the past month. Mothers and youth reported
on maternal acceptance and mental health problems. Multiple regression analyses provided support for the protective effects
of maternal acceptance on adolescents’ mental health problems. Intervention implications are discussed.
Ana Brown is a pre-doctoral fellow in prevention research (NIMH 2 T32 MH18387–19) and doctoral student in the Department of
Psychology at Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ. Research interests include the study of children’s appraisals and responses
to stressful events in the prevention of mental health problems.
Sharlene Wolchik is a clinical psychologist and professor in the Department of Psychology at Arizona State University, Tempe,
AZ. Her research focuses on identifying risk and protective factors for children whose parents have divorced. She also has
designed and evaluated the efficacy of preventive interventions for children from divorced families and children who have
experienced parental bereavement.
Jenn-Yun Tein is a research associate professor and Co-Director of the Research Methodology Core of the Prevention Research
Center at Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ. Her research interests include analyses of mediation and moderation of preventive
interventions as well as applications of methodology and statistics in prevention research.
Irwin Sandler is a Regents’ Professor in the Department of Psychology and Director of the Prevention Research Center at Arizona
State University, Tempe, AZ. His research interests focus on understanding resilience for children exposed to stress and on
the development, evaluation and dissemination of programs to promote resilience and prevent mental health problems for children
in stress. 相似文献
224.
225.
The bigger the better? Evidence of the effect of government size on life satisfaction around the world 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
This paper empirically analyzes whether government size is conducive or detrimental to life satisfaction in a cross-section of 74 countries. We thus provide a test of the longstanding dispute between standard neoclassical economic theory and public choice theory. According to the neoclassical view, governments play unambiguously positive roles for individuals' quality of life, while the theory of public choice has been developed to understand why governments often choose excessive involvement in – and regulation of – the economy, thereby harming their citizens' quality of life. Our results show that life satisfaction decreases with higher government consumption. For low, middle income, and male people, this result is stronger when the government is leftwing, while government consumption appears to be less harmful for women when the government is perceived to be effective. Government capital formation and social spending have no significant impact on life satisfaction. 相似文献
226.
We use economic theory to examine the intensity of fundamentalist sects in which leaders work to enhance their followers’ observance level. We model three stylized situations under which fundamentalist groups function, examining the intensity of observance in each. We find that, under reasonable conditions, rivalry among fundamentalists makes them more extreme. 相似文献
227.
Abstract. This article is an exploratory analysis of the efficacy of parliamentary representation as a means to moderate ethnic conflict in new democracies. The authors agree with many others that the interests of a minority ethnic group are better protected when the group has access to decision makers, can block harmful government policies and veto potentially damaging decisions. Parliamentary representation, however, does not always allow for an effective representation of those who are not in government. Seats in the legislature may be of little use in a parliament where the executive dominates the policy process at all stages. This article focuses on the new democracies of Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union between 1990 and 2000. The authors use the number of parliamentary seats obtained by minority ethnic parties as their main independent variable and the MAR ethnic protest and rebellion scores as their dependent variables. In addition, they employ the system of government (i.e., parliamentary versus presidential) as a proxy indicator of the degree of influence that parliamentary parties have over decision making. A cross-section-time-series regression analysis shows that the ameliorative effect of parliamentary representation over ethnic conflict is stronger in those legislatures where the ethnic group has effective influence over decision making. It is also shown that representation within national parliaments has no ameliorative effects over violent secessionist conflicts. When the ethnic minority's demands are too radical, parliamentary representation is simply an inadequate instrument. 相似文献
228.
The US Office of Management and Budget introduced in 2003 a new requirement for the treatment of uncertainty in Regulatory Impact Analyses (RIAs) of proposed regulations, requiring agencies to carry out a formal quantitative uncertainty assessment regarding a regulation’s benefits and costs if either is expected to reach $1 billion annually. Despite previous use in other contexts, such formal assessments of uncertainty have rarely been employed in RIAs or other regulatory analyses. We describe how formal quantitative assessments of uncertainty – in particular, Monte Carlo analyses – can be conducted, we examine the challenges and limitations of such analyses in the context of RIAs, and we assess how the resulting information can affect the evaluation of regulations. For illustrative purposes, we compare Monte Carlo analysis with methods typically used in RIAs to evaluate uncertainty in the context of economic analyses carried out for the US Environmental Protection Agency’s Nonroad Diesel Rule, which became effective in 2004. 相似文献
229.
230.
Jennifer Langhinrichsen Edward Lichtenstein John R. Seeley Hyman Hops Dennis V. Ary Elizabeth Tildesley Judy Andrews 《Journal of youth and adolescence》1990,19(6):623-635
Parental reports of adolescent substance use were compared to the adolescents' self-reports using identical scales. Congruence was defined as exact agreement on whether adolescents were current users, ex-users, or never-users. Both parents were found to be less accurate in predicting their adolescents' alcohol use compared to cigarette or marijuana use. Single mothers were significantly less likely to be congruent than were mothers from two-parent households. Mother and father congruence on all substances was unrelated to the adolescent's sex, race, or after school employment. For both parents, congruence for adolescent marijuana use was significantly related to the age and GPA of the adolescent. Congruence may also reflect important properties of family functioning, as significant relations were found between both adolescent and parent ratings of family cohesion and parent-adolescent congruence on perceptions of marijuana use.This research was supported by Grant DA03706 from the National Institute of Drug Abuse (Hyman Hops, Principal Investigator).Jennifer Langhinrichsen is a doctoral candidate in psychology interested in adolescent and family interactions. The other authors are psychologists or data analysts working on family influences on substance use and mental health. 相似文献