The politics of multilateral environmental agreements lessons from 20 years of INEA

International Environmental Agreements: Politics, Law and Economics - This review article addresses the question: What lessons can we learn from work published in International Environmental...     

What matters to citizens in crisis recovery? Being listened to,action, and confidence in government

Policy Sciences - The policy decision-making process in the aftermath of a crisis is a dynamic and iterative process involving circumstances that are emotionally convoluted rather than stable and...     

A note on the non-maximality of the optimal fines when the apprehension probability depends on the offense rate

This paper reconsiders the problem of optimal law enforcement when the apprehension probability depends on the offense rate as well as policing expenditures. A natural consequence of such an apprehension probability is the possible multiplicity of the equilibrium due to strategic complementarity, and the actual offense rate is realized by the self-fulfilling nature of the offense rate. If people believe that lowering the fine will lead to a lower offense rate, each individual will be less inclined to commit an illegal activity due to their expectation of a higher apprehension probability. Thus, the maximal fine is not socially optimal in this case.     

Conservative Leaders,Coalition, and Britain’s Decision for War in 1914

Conservative leaders may have had a decisive impact on the decision by the Liberal government to enter the Great War in August 1914. In a seminal article of 1975, Keith Wilson argued that their readiness to fight “cut the ground … from beneath the feet of the non-interventionists” in the Cabinet. Those ministers who had hitherto opposed war now recognised that continued divisions could bring the government’s collapse, in which case the Unionists, probably in a coalition with pro-war Liberals, would take office and enter the conflict anyway. Since Wilson’s essay, important light has focussed on Unionist thinking by works that look at the July Crisis as part of a longer party history. This analysis provides a detailed investigation of the actions of Unionist leaders in the days immediately leading to war. It resolves some of the main contradictions in the primary evidence, argues that the possibility of a coalition was very real and demonstrates that one key player—the first lord of the Admiralty, Winston Churchill—subsequently tried, with some success, to disguise his activities.     

论著作人格权保护在美国的演绎

著作人格权作为一种非财产性权利,是作者享有的基于作品产生的人格利益.著作人格权制度是版权体系和作者权体系的分水岭所在.现行美国《版权法》第106条之2保护“某些作者的署名权及其保护作品完整权”,可是美国真的保护著作人格权吗？最初,美国延续版权体系的传统,无论是在版权法案中还是在司法实践中都不保护著作人格权制度.直到1988年,美国加入《伯尔尼公约》后,为了履行公约义务不得不在其版权法案中加入著作人格权的保护条款,但在司法实践中,美国仍遵循版权是财产权的理念,通过对作者和作品范围严格限定并未真正保护著作人格权.     

赡养负担、利率水平抑或收入对储蓄的影响研究——基于安徽数据的实证

选取安徽省城乡居民储蓄存款、赡养负担、利率等指标,运用单位根检验、协整检验、脉冲响应函数,对安徽省城乡居民储蓄的各影响因素进行分析,结果表明:收入水平是影响居民储蓄的最主要因素,通胀对储蓄的影响甚微,而居民赡养负担则对储蓄有着长期的影响。     

如何促进幼儿的科学探究——基于建构主义学习观的研究

自20世纪80年代以来,建构主义在教育领域引发了一场教育观念与实践的革命,它挑战了传统的知识观、学习观和教育观,成为21世纪世界教育改革的主要理论指导。建构主义的教学思想主要体现在知识观、学生观、教师观、学习环境等方面。建构主义学习观认为学习者具有主动建构性;在学习过程中,学习者原有的知识经验和新的知识经验会产生认知冲突,从而使认知结构得到重组;学习总是在一定的情境中进行的。因此,教师要促进幼儿的主动探究,引发幼儿的认知冲突,设置学习情境、营造探究氛围,从而促进幼儿的科学探究。