试论法律援助的对象

法律援助制度在法制社会日益显得重要,而建立和完善法律援助制度的首要问题就是确立法律援助的对象,确立法律援助应当在何种条件下向何种人提供。本文通过论述国外法律援助对象的一般规定和我国确定法律援助对象的原则,指出我国法律援助的一般对象与特殊对象及其资格条件。     

身份理论视域下他者对“中国模式”的学术话语体系建构

中国模式正在成为后冷战时期西方定义中国身份的一个重要话语,以西方对"中国模式"进行研究为代表的"中国模式学术话语"是这一身份建构过程中的关键性环节。西方学术界试图从经济、政治、文化、社会和历史等维度建立中国模式与中国身份之间的关联,以简单而又有明确内涵的"西方中国模式"为中国定义身份。西方"中国模式"学术话语体系的形成及扩散在一定程度上影响了中国的认知图式和身份认同叙事。为此,我们有必要从构建中国的自我身份、解构西方叙事、提升解读中国道路的话语权等方面努力,不断增强中国道路或中国模式的正当性阐释,在更高的层面上实现自我认同、自我批判与自我超越。     

从明代学田地租管窥贵州各地生计方式的差异——对《黔记·学校志》中相关史料的解读

《黔记》是明代郭子章私家撰著的贵州通志。该书《学校志》中有关各儒学学田的记录十分翔实,这些史料能从一个侧面反映当时贵州各地生态背景和生计方式的差异。例如,该志所载乌撒卫学田中有部分田产以荍作为缴纳田租的粮食种类,这与乌撒其地湿润多雨、生长季短及当地彝族回族大量种植荞麦密切相关;又如该志所载清平卫与思州府学田的田租中有以手和边为粮食计量单位的实例,这足以表明当地侗族苗族习惯于种植糯稻,而他们栖息地的生态环境确实适宜种植糯稻。总之,只要认真解读史料,就能在很大程度上复原明代贵州的生态面貌。     

"精神血汗工厂"中的社会网络缺失——由富士康跳楼事件引发的思考

富士康跳楼事件发生之后,引起了社会各界的普遍关注,并对其形成了各种各样的看法.本文通过网络搜集到与该事件相关的资料,整理归纳出目前网络上对事件起因的三种分析论调（包括异化论、新生代论和经济发展方式论）,并在此基础上,结合掌握的网络材料,从社会学的角度提出自己的见解.     

Introduction of Mandatory Vehicle Inspection and Its Impact on Health: Case of Georgia

Abstract

To fight atmospheric air pollution, the Georgian government has implemented a law about vehicle inspection. The aim of this survey is to determine under which conditions are owners of technically faulty vehicles ready to give up using technically faulty cars. Within the qualitative study the in-depth interviews were conducted. Taxi drivers think that this law is harmful to them though they appreciate the efficacy of vehicle inspections. Controls should be placed on the quality of fuel as part of the development of public transport while increasing awareness about the harmful effects of atmospheric air pollution.     

Quantitative PCR overestimation of DNA in samples contaminated with tin

Metals can pose challenges while conducting forensic DNA analysis. The presence of metal ions in evidence-related DNA extracts can degrade DNA or inhibit PCR as applied to DNA quantification (real-time PCR or qPCR) and/or STR amplification, leading to low success in STR profiling. Different metal ions were spiked into 0.2 and 0.5 ng of human genomic DNA in an “inhibition study” and the impact was evaluated by qPCR using the Quantifiler™ Trio DNA Quantification Kit (Thermo Fisher Scientific) and an in-house SYBR Green assay. This study reports on a contradictory finding specific to tin (Sn) ions, which caused at least a 38,000-fold overestimation of DNA concentration when utilizing Quantifiler Trio. This was explained by the raw and multicomponent spectral plots, which indicated that Sn suppresses the Quantifiler Trio passive reference dye (Mustang Purple™, MP) at ion concentrations above 0.1 mM. This effect was not observed when DNA was quantified using SYBR Green with ROX™ as the passive reference, nor when DNA was extracted and purified prior to Quantifiler Trio. The results show that metal contaminants can interfere with qPCR-based DNA quantification in unexpected ways and may be assay dependent. The results also highlight the importance of qPCR as a quality check to determine steps for sample cleanup prior to STR amplification that may be similarly impacted by metal ions. Forensic workflows should recognize the risk of inaccurate DNA quantification of samples that are collected from substrates containing tin.     

“一国两制”理论在澳门的实践

澳门回归以来,在“一国两制”理论指导下,澳门的经济、政治、文化等方面发生了巨大变化。只有在“一国两制”的指导下,在中央政府的领导下,妥善处理好“变”与“不变”、“管”与“不管”和“容”与“不容”三者的关系,才能保持澳门的繁荣稳定。     

现场体验课教学案例的编写及在教学中的应用

现场体验课的莱例教学是由中国延安干部学院在教学实践中独创的一种全新的教学方法。它突破了案例教学只能在课堂讲授的传统模式,有利于提高干部培训的针对性和实效性。本文结合现场体验课的案例教学实践体会,探索了现场教学案例的编写与应用。     

二战后新马粤籍华侨华人社团文教功能的发展和变迁

华文教育与文化传播一直是海外华侨华人社团的重要工作和使命。二战后,新马地区内外局势急剧变化,华侨华人社团的文教工作面临艰巨的挑战。但是,新马地区粤籍华侨华人社团不畏艰难、锐意革新。除了一如既往地创办华校、设立奖学金、举办各种文化活动之外,新马粤籍华侨华人社团也根据时代发展做出了相应的调整,譬如华文教育的模式转变、奖学金范围的扩大、文化理念和传播方式的继承和发展等,不仅度过了难关,而且将华侨华人社团的文教工作推向一个新的高度。如今,马来西亚已成为除中国大陆和港澳台之外唯一拥有华文小学、中学和大学等完整华文教育体系的国家。