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141.
To examine relationships between strength of evidence (SOE) and extraevidentiary variables in the context of Kalven and Zeisel’s
(The American Jury, 1966) liberation hypothesis, post-trial questionnaire data were collected from judges, attorneys, and
jurors associated with 179 criminal jury trials. SOE ratings were strongly correlated with jury verdicts on the three most
serious charges against the defendant, and several extraevidentiary variables (i.e., pretrial publicity, trial complexity,
charge severity, and foreperson demographics) were moderately correlated with verdicts. Extraevidentiary-verdict relationships
remained significant when SOE was controlled, although extraevidentiary variables yielded only modest improvement in classification
accuracy beyond SOE. In partial support of the liberation hypothesis, several case-related extraevidentiary variables were
significantly related to jury verdicts only when the prosecution’s evidence was rated as moderately strong. 相似文献
142.
143.
Nina Lindberg Pekka Tani Hanna Putkonen Eila Sailas Pirjo Takala Markku Eronen Matti Virkkunen 《International journal of law and psychiatry》2009,32(1):39-42
The rate of violent crimes among girls and women appears to be increasing. One in every five female prisoners has been reported to have antisocial personality disorder. However, it has been quite unclear whether the impulsive, aggressive behaviour among women is affected by the same biological mechanisms as among men. Psychiatric sleep research has attempted to identify diagnostically sensitive and specific sleep patterns associated with particular disorders. Most psychiatric disorders are typically characterized by a severe sleep disturbance associated with decreased amounts of slow wave sleep (SWS), the physiologically significant, refreshing part of sleep. Among men with antisocial behaviour with severe aggression, on the contrary, increased SWS has been reported, reflecting either specific brain pathology or a delay in the normal development of human sleep patterns. In our preliminary study among medication-free, detoxified female homicidal offenders with antisocial personality disorder, the same profound abnormality in sleep architecture was found. From the perspective of sleep research, the biological correlates of severe impulsive aggression seem to share similar features in both sexes. 相似文献
144.
Peter Frumkin JoAnn Jastrzab Margaret Vaaler Adam Greeney Robert T. Grimm Jr. Kevin Cramer Nathan Dietz 《Journal of policy analysis and management》2009,28(3):394-416
This study examines the short‐ and long‐term impact of AmeriCorps participation on members' civic engagement, education, employment, and life skills. The analysis compares changes in the attitudes and behaviors of participants over time to those of individuals not enrolled in AmeriCorps, controlling for interest in national and community service, member and family demographics, and prior civic engagement. Results indicate that participation in AmeriCorps led to positive impacts on members, especially in the area of civic engagement, members' connection to community, knowledge about problems facing their community, and participation in community‐based activities. AmeriCorps had some positive impacts on its members' employment‐related outcomes. Few statistically significant impacts were found for measures of participants' attitude toward education or educational attainment, or for selected life skills measures. Within a subset of community service programs that incorporate a residential component for members, the study also uncovered a short‐term negative impact of participation on members' appreciation for ethnic and cultural diversity, which disappeared over time. The implications of these findings for future research on national service are discussed. © 2009 by the Association for Public Policy Analysis and Management. 相似文献
145.
Giving speeches in parliament is a key element of elected representatives for signalling their policy agenda and their ideological positions to their party and their electorate. Taking a specific programmatic position might increase the chances of an MP to get re‐nominated and to win again a seat in the legislature. In this paper, we build on approaches of responsive behaviour of political actors and on principal agent theories and ask which variables can explain the programmatic positions adopted by MPs in their speeches. To answer our research question, we collected all speeches related to economic policy issues given by members of the German Bundestag in the time period between 1998 and 2002. We estimated their individual policy positions with computerised methods of content analysis. We combine this data with information on the characteristics of MPs, their position in party, parliament and government and, in addition, with the socioeconomic structure and former election results within the MPs’ constituency. The results show that German MPs take the characteristics and the economic problem pressure of their constituencies into account when speaking in parliament, so that there is empirical evidence for responsive and vote‐seeking behaviour of German MPs. In addition, political and institutional factors like the membership in committees or in (former) cabinets and the way how an MP was elected – directly or by party list – play a role for the degree of MP's programmatic deviation from the party line. 相似文献
146.
Hanna Bornäs 《Nora, Nordic Journal of Women's Studies》2016,24(4):251-266
In this article, we use in-depth interviews with young adults in Sweden to explore the gendered and embodied experiences of depression and antidepressant use. Building upon previous phenomenological research, we analyse being depressed and on antidepressants as altered embodied states, in which corporealization—experiencing the body as a material object—is central. Feminist interventions by Toril Moi and Iris Marion Young inform our analysis of embodiment as gendered. The bodily facets of depression include the weight of the anxious body in crying and not sleeping, as well as the weakened or distorted relationship between body, mind and world in brooding thoughts and hopelessness. These experiences of corporealization are not expressed in gendered terms but, when acted out in depression, they do appear to be gendered. The female body becomes “the first battleground”—as the socially endorsed object upon which to act destructively. In contrast, male behaviour is not expressed as self-destructive, but projects in the world are emphasized at the cost of (bodily) well-being. Although antidepressants lift the corporeal weight of anxiety and low mood, they install a new, and in some respects more profound, corporealization of the body. This is expressed as feeling and caring less and being like a thing or machine. It can be understood in terms of an increased distance from the world—not articulated in gendered terms. As a way of existing in the world, the medicated state bears strong similarities to the depressed state from which it was originally an effort to escape. Thus, taking medication can be seen as yet another way of acting on the body as object. Furthermore, it could be suggested from our findings that when the body is not felt—when there is a breakdown of the meaningful relationship between the body and the world—the experience is less gendered. 相似文献
147.
Hanna Herzog 《Citizenship Studies》2008,12(3):265-282
Current literature on the women's movement argues that in recent decades, a schism based on the politics of identity has divided women and led to the weakening of the movement. This process, intersecting with the escalation of neoliberal trends and the ‘NGOization’ of civil society, has resulted in the depoliticization of the women's movement and the waning of its influence as a political force. The present paper seeks to examine whether this argument is consistent with the situation in the Israeli women's movement of the early twenty-first century. Based on the history of the women's movement in Israel, the paper posits a twofold argument: (a) the women's movement in Israel has not disappeared but has been restructured as a result of its NGOization; (b) despite criticism of the movement in the literature and on the part of activists as the result of its NGOization, the movement's political messages have remained intact and even expanded to embrace questions of social justice, including novel thinking on matters of peace and security. 相似文献
148.
The worst fears of the American Founding fathers were realized in the 2016 presidential election when the democratic ballot box unleashed some of the darkest forces in the body politic . While it remains to be seen what his administration accomplishes , Donald Trump showed that a campaign of outright lies and invective against the world outside and perceived enemies within delivered over the latest direct access technology —Twitter—was the path to the top of the world's most powerful nation . 相似文献
149.
Having Just Strolled Down the Incline from Fumikho Maki's Serene Hillside Terrace Complex of Apartments and Shops, Architecture was on My Mind. Looking for a Place to Sit and Read the Morning Papers, I Followed the Aroma to a Caffesemlpreddo Near the Bustling Entrance of a Substation on the Shibuya Line. It must be the Attention to Detail, the High-Tech Machines or Perhaps the Quality of the Beans and Water, But I've Always Found the Best Coffee Outside of Italy in Japan. 相似文献
150.
At a time of sweeping political, economic, and social changes in Eastern Europe, the family courts in Poland are under threat. This article traces their development and unique approach to family law and outlines the proposals for change in the Polish court system. 相似文献