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521.
We investigate the causality between corruption and income inequality within a multivariate framework using a panel data set of all 50 U.S. states over the period 1980 to 2004. The heterogeneous panel cointegration test by Pedroni (Oxf. Bull. Econ. Stat. 61:653–670, 1999; Econom. Theory 20:597–627, 2004) indicates that in the long run corruption and the unemployment rate have a positive and statistically significant impact on income inequality while a negative impact is found for real personal income per capita, education, and unionization rate. The Granger-causality results associated with a panel vector error correction model indicate both short-run and long-run bidirectional causality between corruption and income inequality. 相似文献
522.
Catherine P. Bradshaw Cindy M. Schaeffer Hanno Petras Nicholas Ialongo 《Journal of youth and adolescence》2010,39(8):953-966
Transactional theories of development suggest that displaying high levels of antisocial behavior early in life and persistently
over time causes disruption in multiple life domains, which in turn places individuals at risk for negative life outcomes.
We used longitudinal data from 1,137 primarily African American urban youth (49.1% female) to determine whether different
trajectories of aggressive and disruptive behavior problems were associated with a range of negative life outcomes in young
adulthood. General growth mixture modeling was used to classify the youths’ patterns of aggressive–disruptive behavior across
elementary school. These trajectories were then used to predict early sexual activity, early pregnancy, school dropout, unemployment,
and drug abuse in young adulthood. The trajectories predicted the number but not type of negative life outcomes experienced.
Girls with the chronic high aggression–disruption (CHAD) pattern experienced more negative outcomes than girls with consistently
moderate levels, who were at greater risk than nonaggressive–nondisruptive girls. Boys with CHAD and boys with an increasing
pattern had equal levels of risk for experiencing negative outcomes. The findings are consistent with transactional models
of development and have implications for preventive interventions. 相似文献
523.
524.
Yannis Caloghirou Aggelos Tsakanikas Nicholas S. Vonortas 《The Journal of Technology Transfer》2001,26(1-2):153-161
This paper investigates the characteristics of university-industry collaboration in a large set of research joint ventures (RJVs) established in the context of the European Framework Programmes over a period of fourteen years. The share of university-industry RJVs is found to have gradually increased. Such RJVs have tended to be relatively larger in terms of participant numbers. Universities from peripheral European regions have been rather active in the examined RJVs. Firms cooperate with Universities to exploit research synergies leading to cost savings or improvements in R&D productivity, keeping up with major technological developments, and sharing R&D cost. Firms reported that the most important benefit from such collaboration has been the positive impact on their knowledge base. 相似文献
525.
526.
This paper compares and contrasts South East Asian and European Union countries’ perceptions of the priorities for anti money
laundering (AML) and anti terrorist finance (ATF) in relation to three industries: security goods and services; the timber
trade; and ‘informal’ value transfer and banking services. It might be expected that all countries would equally support each
of these aspects of AML/ATF policies, without differentiating between the industries generating the proceeds. As this paper
will show, however, historical experiences, contemporary political relations and patterns of trade shape countries’ approaches,
resulting in distinctive enthusiasms and reservations. In a nutshell, the EU points most strongly to products and services
originating in Asia as posing AML/CTF risks, and locates primary responsibility for monitoring and control as falling within
Asia - a projection of risk and responsibility that is reciprocated by Asian countries. Asian countries perceive a need for
tighter control of dangerous products exported by the west, for example, small arms and light weapons, and of related money
laundering circuits. Asian and European policy makers increasingly articulate concerns over illegal logging and related laundering,
however European importers and their governments see responsibilities for this as falling primarily within Asia. Finally,
the EU (like the US) perceives high levels of laundering risk in ‘informal’ value transfer/banking services, in which Asian-run
businesses have a global competitive advantage. For the future, as the international balance of trade shifts, and as Asia
increases its influence in international fora including those concerned with AML/CTF, so the region’s policy preferences may
be expected to carry more weight.
相似文献
Michael LeviEmail: |
527.
Nicholas Butler 《政策研究评论》1984,4(2):291-300
Despite i t s internal differences, the European Economic Community seems to be moving toward an established and permanent position as agricultural exporter. European nations have moved irreversibly from being an import market to bejng a self-sufficient and large-scale producer. An established and politically entrenched agriculture in the European Economic Community has widespread support and their general economic needs elevate agriculture to promirience in attacking trade deficits. 相似文献
528.
529.
530.
Nicholas Balabkins 《European Journal of Law and Economics》1996,3(2):167-174
Theodor Herzl's Der Judenstaat, published in 1896, laid the intellectual foundations for the future state of Israel. His hope was to create for the Jews of Europe a country where they could live without suffering discrimination and deprivation of vertical mobility. This article focuses on Herzl's views of the means and ends of creating the social overhead capital or infrastructure of such a future country. A century ago, before Herzl, the strategic role of the public goods in the economic development process had not been sufficiently recognized. 相似文献