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561.
Nicholas J. G. Winter 《American journal of political science》2006,50(2):400-420
In this article I argue that the framing of Social Security in political discourse has associated it symbolically with race. The linkages are subtle and symbolic, and they serve to associate Social Security with whiteness in a mirror image of the association of welfare with blackness. In turn, these associations have racialized white opinion on the program. After discussing the theoretical mechanism by which issue frames can unconsciously associate policies with citizens' racial predispositions, I review the frames surrounding Social Security. Then, drawing on two decades of nationally representative survey data, I demonstrate the racialization of opinion among whites. Using a variety of measures of racial predispositions, I find that racially conservative whites feel more positively about Social Security than do racial liberals. I conclude by considering the implications of these findings for our understanding of racialized politics and for the connections between race, whiteness, and contemporary American politics. 相似文献
562.
563.
Krent HJ Gingo N Kapp M Moran R Neal M Paulas M Sarna P Suma S 《Annals of health law / Loyola University Chicago, School of Law, Institute for Health Law》2008,17(1):1-37, table of contents
This article examines a recent New York City health regulation that mandates the compilation and storage of individual medical data from nearly all diabetics in a centralized registry. The authors distinguish this novel registry from prior health registries and scrutinize its potential to compromise individual privacy. In order to address privacy and other concerns, the authors offer suggestions for changes to the current statutory framework of the registry that will also be useful when considering the creation of similar public health registries in other cities. 相似文献
564.
This paper compares and contrasts South East Asian and European Union countries’ perceptions of the priorities for anti money
laundering (AML) and anti terrorist finance (ATF) in relation to three industries: security goods and services; the timber
trade; and ‘informal’ value transfer and banking services. It might be expected that all countries would equally support each
of these aspects of AML/ATF policies, without differentiating between the industries generating the proceeds. As this paper
will show, however, historical experiences, contemporary political relations and patterns of trade shape countries’ approaches,
resulting in distinctive enthusiasms and reservations. In a nutshell, the EU points most strongly to products and services
originating in Asia as posing AML/CTF risks, and locates primary responsibility for monitoring and control as falling within
Asia - a projection of risk and responsibility that is reciprocated by Asian countries. Asian countries perceive a need for
tighter control of dangerous products exported by the west, for example, small arms and light weapons, and of related money
laundering circuits. Asian and European policy makers increasingly articulate concerns over illegal logging and related laundering,
however European importers and their governments see responsibilities for this as falling primarily within Asia. Finally,
the EU (like the US) perceives high levels of laundering risk in ‘informal’ value transfer/banking services, in which Asian-run
businesses have a global competitive advantage. For the future, as the international balance of trade shifts, and as Asia
increases its influence in international fora including those concerned with AML/CTF, so the region’s policy preferences may
be expected to carry more weight.
相似文献
Michael LeviEmail: |
565.
Nicholas Kyriazis 《European Journal of Law and Economics》2009,27(2):109-127
The present essay analyses Athenian finances during the fourth century BC, the ‘Age of Demosthenes’, from both the revenue
and expenditure points of view. It examines how Athenians practiced the concept of ‘economic democracy’ on matters of public
choice, and the sometimes ingenious solutions they adopted for financing public goods such as defense, education and ‘social
security’. Ancient Athens, the ‘prototype’ political democracy, was advanced also in matters of public administration, finance
and institutions, on which political democracy was based and without their smooth running could not have functioned.
相似文献
Nicholas KyriazisEmail: |
566.
Nicholas D. K. Petraco Ph.D. ; Carol Gambino M.S. ; Thomas A. Kubic Ph.D. ; Dayhana Olivio Nicholas Petraco M.S. 《Journal of forensic sciences》2010,55(1):34-41
Abstract: In the field of forensic footwear examination, it is a widely held belief that patterns of accidental marks found on footwear and footwear impressions possess a high degree of "uniqueness." This belief, however, has not been thoroughly studied in a numerical way using controlled experiments. As a result, this form of valuable physical evidence has been the subject of admissibility challenges. In this study, we apply statistical techniques used in facial pattern recognition, to a minimal set of information gleaned from accidental patterns. That is, in order to maximize the amount of potential similarity between patterns, we only use the coordinate locations of accidental marks (on the top portion of a footwear impression) to characterize the entire pattern. This allows us to numerically gauge how similar two patterns are to one another in a worst-case scenario, i.e., in the absence of a tremendous amount of information normally available to the footwear examiner such as accidental mark size and shape. The patterns were recorded from the top portion of the shoe soles (i.e., not the heel) of five shoe pairs. All shoes were the same make and model and all were worn by the same person for a period of 30 days. We found that in 20–30 dimensional principal component (PC) space (99.5% variance retained), patterns from the same shoe, even at different points in time, tended to cluster closer to each other than patterns from different shoes. Correct shoe identification rates using maximum likelihood linear classification analysis and the hold-one-out procedure ranged from 81% to 100%. Although low in variance, three-dimensional PC plots were made and generally corroborated the findings in the much higher dimensional PC-space. This study is intended to be a starting point for future research to build statistical models on the formation and evolution of accidental patterns. 相似文献
567.
Edmund F. McGarrell Nicholas Corsaro Natalie Kroovand Hipple Timothy S. Bynum 《Journal of Quantitative Criminology》2010,26(2):165-190
Since the mid-1990s, a number of initiatives intended to address gang, gun and drug-related violence have arisen and demonstrated
promise in reducing levels of violent crime. These initiatives have employed some combination of focused deterrence and problem-solving
processes. These strategies formed the basis for Project Safe Neighborhoods (PSN), a national program implemented by the Department
of Justice and coordinated by US Attorneys’ Offices. This paper is an initial attempt to assess the potential impact of the
nationally implemented PSN initiative through an analysis of violent crime trends in all US cities with a population of 100,000
or above. While a number of site specific studies exist examining the potential impact of locally implemented PSN programs,
to date no national-level study has examined whether PSN may have had an impact on violent crime trends. Cities included in
the current study are distinguished on the basis of whether they were considered a treatment city by the PSN task force and
by the level of implementation dosage of the PSN program. This allowed a comparison of 82 treatment cities and 170 non-treatment
cities as well as a variable of dosage level. Hierarchical Generalized Linear Models (HGLM) were developed that controlled
for other factors that may have affected the level of violent crime across the sample of cities. The results suggested that
PSN treatment cities in higher dosage contexts experienced statistically significant, though modest, declines in violent crime
whereas non-target cities and low dosage contexts experienced no significant changes in violent crime during the same period.
The limitations of this initial analysis are noted but the evidence seems to suggest that the multi-agency, focused deterrence,
problem solving approach holds promise for reducing levels of violent crime. At a minimum, these findings call for continued
programmatic experimentation with data-driven, highly focused, deterrence-based violence reduction strategies. 相似文献
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570.
Crossover Cases of High‐Conflict Families Involving Child Protection Services: Ontario Research Findings and Suggestions for Good Practices 下载免费PDF全文
Child protection services (CPS) are increasingly becoming involved in high‐conflict separations and the related custody and access proceedings. CPS involvement is often necessary to respond to abuse or neglect allegations or protect children from emotional harm. However, these crossover cases are very challenging for family justice professionals. This article reports on research on crossover cases in Ontario, including an analysis of reported court decisions, a survey of CPS staff, and interviews with family justice professionals. We suggest clearer CPS policies; improved understanding of respective professional roles; CPS summary reports for family courts; increased interagency coordination, communication, and training; and use of judicial case management. 相似文献