Federalism and Party Interaction in West Germany, Switzerland, and Austria

The federalism established in the constitutions of the FederalRepublic of Germany, Switzerland, and Austria, in addition tothe common language of these countries, distinguishes them fromthe other West European countries, which lean toward centrallyorganized states. After examining the historical foundationand development of the federal systems in the three countries,the article analyzes the segmentation, federal-state interaction,and intraparty effects of political parties in them. While federalismis strengthened by the heterogeneity and regional solidarityof the political parties in Switzerland, federalism has becomea pure "party federalism" in the Federal Republic of Germanyand Austria.     

犯罪学的归宿

茶楼开张后的第三期与诸位见面了。当初起意兴办此茶楼之初衷，当然是为与“法学家茶座”相区别而命名的。虽然不是要与刑法学分庭抗礼，但无须掩饰，此举多少也可被看作是犯罪学力图跳出刑法学樊篱的一次尝试。     

Troubling frames: Zapiro’s iconography on Oscar Pistorius as traumics

ABSTRACT

This study aims to examine the comics form in relation to its representation of perpetrator trauma. Specifically, the study considers a selection of Jonathan Shapiro’s iconography on Oscar Pistorius as biograph(y)ics, since the artist ‘commixes’ Pistorius’s life from his rise to athletic fame – through the court trials for his alleged murder of Reeva Steenkamp on 14 February 2013 – to his conviction followed by a thirteen-year jail sentence on 24th November 2017. In my reading of the panels, I draw on Hilary Chute’s notion of the ethics of testimony in illustrative art and Jacques Derrida’s theorising on hauntology and the revenant to argue that wrongdoers can also experience their crimes as trauma. This critical engagement enables me to read Shapiro’s panels as not merely reinforcing dominant interpretations of the fallen hero, but also as a means by which the cartoonist destabilises and reconfigures socially accepted notions of the villain.     

我国城乡居民收入差距演变及影响因素分析

城乡居民收入差距过大已经成为制约经济运行和影响社会稳定的一个重要因素．以城乡二元结构为视角，从定性和定量角度具体分析和研究城乡居民收入差距问题，重点分析我国城乡居民收入差距的历史演变，并从城乡二元体制、农业产业的弱质性、农村产业结构不合理、产权制度不合理和农村金融业发展滞后等方面阐释了城乡居民收入差距扩大的原因，提出缩小我国城乡居民收入差距的对策。