State Wildlife Policy and Management: The Scope and Bias of Political Conflict

State wildlife policy and management are often characterized by divisive political conflict among competing stakeholders. This conflict is increasingly being resolved through the ballot-initiative process. One important reason the process is being used so often is the way state wildlife policy and management decisions are often made by state wildlife commissions, boards, or councils (the dominant way these decisions are made in the United States). These bodies are often perceived by important stakeholders as biased, exclusive, or unrepresentative of nonconsumptive stakeholder values. As a result, unsatisfied interest groups often try to take decision-making authority away from these institutions and give it to the public through the ballot initiative. Cases and examples from Alaska, Arizona, Colorado, and Idaho are examined in this context. The article finishes by outlining four broad alternatives that may be debated in the future: the no change alternative, the authoritative expert alternative, the structural change alternative, and the stakeholder-based collaborative conservation alternative(s).     

祝福-诅咒式连环信件的传播与社会控制

祝福-诅咒式连环信件的传播,不仅仅与人的心理因素相关,而且还潜藏着社会因素和文化因素的支持.只有深入分析潜藏在其背后的原因层,才能为解决此类问题、实施社会控制提供路径依赖.如同现实社会中的信息资源需要"整序"一样,在信息空间中也包含着有序化的要求与过程,这就是对信息问题"的社会控制.     

论行政允诺诉讼的审查规则——以行政允诺的性质为视角

行政允诺是现代积极行政背景下的新兴产物,具有给付行政和柔性行政双重属性。然而,立法的缺失以及理论研究的滞后,导致当前司法实践中行政允诺诉讼的审查规则有失科学性和合理性。完善行政允诺诉讼的审查规则应当逐步健全法制、改善司法实践、建立有效的行政内部监督机制。     

非法证据排除规则的“阶段论”构想

非法证据排除规则名存实亡的现状要求我们必须冷静反思其在我国运行的现实障碍。应将非法证据排除规则划分为若干阶段性任务,首先集中精力排除刑讯逼供。非法证据排除规则的构建不可急于求成、寄望于毕其功于一役;必须深入思考我国的社会形势和民众接受程度,不可排除面过宽;必须改变对侦查机关防范和不信任的认识基础和错误心态;必须深入研究和思考如何保障法院、法官毫无顾忌地行使排除权;必须集中精力解决当务之急——刑讯逼供;必须有政治智慧,讲究策略。     

对农民工歧视的社会学分析

农民工在城市中从事最苦、最脏、最累、最险的工作,为城市的发展做出了巨大的牺牲和贡献。但是,他们并没有得到与其贡献相匹配的回报。除受制度歧视外,还受城市居民的歧视,并且这种歧视有愈演愈烈之势。对农民工的歧视大致可分为三个阶段:限制与接纳阶段,排斥阶段和隔离阶段。对农民工的歧视会造成我国社会结构紧张,损害党的执政基础;引起农民工子女的代际仇视;影响城市居民群体内部的和谐等,必须尽快采取有效措施。     

Toward multidimensional information: A derivatization-free UHPLC-QqQ MS/MS method for amino acid components of fingerprint

The analysis of fingerprint chemical composition is a meaningful way to excavate the multidimensional information of fingerprint, including the donor profiling information and the age of a fingerprint, which broadens the evidential values of fingerprint, especially for the partial and distorted fingerprint. But the research remains still in the pilot phases or is ongoing. Amino acids are the dominant organic substances in latent sweat fingerprint and influenced by many donor factors. Hence, their content reflects personal information of donors. Forensic science will be revolutionized if suspects can be individualized by their amino acid content. The diverse nature, distinct physicochemical properties, and ultra-micro levels of amino acids present in fingerprints make it hard to detect. A high sensitivity method for detecting and quantifying multiple amino acid components is required. UHPLC-QqQ MS/MS offers high sensitivity, high separation, simultaneous multicomponents detection, and no derivatization, making it an ideal method for detecting and analyzing amino acids in fingerprints. Therefore, in this study, we propose and validate an efficient UHPLC-QqQ MS/MS method for the extraction and analysis of 13 amino acids from fingerprint. We compared the results of amino acids of 10 different substrates and found that the inherent amino acids in most porous substrates would have been extracted along with the fingerprint amino acids, making them unsuitable for quantitative amino acid analysis. Instead, plastic sheets are ideal substrates for laboratory studies. Then, extensive experiments were conducted among 30 donors for multidimensional information analysis. The type of samples analyzed were eccrine-rich fingerprints. A Binary Logistic Regression (BLR) model was developed, and the female and male donors were successfully differentiated by amino acids in fingerprints. Two other mathematical models were also developed to verify the accuracy, and all three different mathematical models were able to identify donors of different genders with over 90% accuracy. This demonstrates that amino acids have the potential to provide more information for donors as metabolic markers. In the future, we will conduct a series of experiments to analyze more multidimensional information for individual identification by amino acid content in the fingerprint.     

占婆文化交流中的“二次本土化”现象探析——评《占婆与马来世界的文化交流》

占婆位于东南亚地区的中心地带,历史上受到多种文化的影响。马来世界本土化的伊斯兰教在占婆传播的过程中,形成了具有伊斯兰教特点又与伊斯兰教具有很大区别的婆尼教。通过观察伊斯兰教在占婆的传播,可以分析伊斯兰教在东南亚内部传播过程中的"二次本土化"现象。经过二次本土化的文化现象,在表现形式上与文化源头的相似性减弱了,而民族文化的成分增强了。本文还在梳理关于占婆婆尼教研究成果的基础上,从研究视角、研究方法和研究资料等方面对《占婆与马来世界的文化交流》一书进行评介。     

反劫持行动中心理战运用探析

反劫持行动的关键是对人质的保护和营救,在反劫持行动全部工作的各个方面以及反劫持行动全过程的各个环节,都要自始至终将确保人质安全置于首位。要紧紧围绕着保护和营救人质而谋划、运作,要把坚定与灵活、耐心与果断、勇敢与机警结合起来,反对简单、鲁莽、蛮干。劫持行为本身就是犯罪(恐怖)分子为达成某种意图而实施的一种心理恐怖手段。因此,在反劫持行动过程中与劫匪心理上的较量和博弈始终是影响行动成效的重要因素。研究和把握此类行动心理战的特点规律,对于加快反劫持行动的胜利进程,有效打击暴力恐怖犯罪具有非常现实而重要的意义。     

浅谈我国互联网的刑事立法

90年代中期以来,随着计算机信息技术不断普及,互联网逐渐走进了人们的视野。当人们享受互联网带来的巨大便利时,网络犯罪作为犯罪的一种新兴形式也悄然走进了我们的生活。但由于其犯罪形式特殊性、犯罪手段高科技性、犯罪对象不特定性等一系列特征,为追查犯罪行为人及怎样定罪量刑带来了难度。本文在关注当前我国互联网刑事立法实践的同时,探讨了加强互联网刑事立法的必要性,并提出了不断完善相关立法的基本对策。     

镜面遗留指印消除重影及固定的新方法

对镜面上遗留的指印采用280B-4型比对投影仪,进行消除重影并利用透射复印法进行固定做了探讨,同时拓宽了280B-4型比对投影仪的应用范围.