Eastern Turkistan Islamic Movement: a case study of a new terrorist organization in China

The Eastern Turkistan Islamic Movement (ETIM) was designated a terrorist organization by Afghanistan, Kyrgyzstan, China, the United States, and the United Nations in 2002. However, no systematic studies have been published on the new terrorist organization in Xinjiang, China. Using a case-study approach and interviews, this article attempts to provide information in terms of its historical evaluation, related religious and ethnic issues, organizational agenda, activities, and role in the current international terrorist network. This article argues that better international cooperation and the improvement of social and religious policies will help curtail activities of the ETIM.     

烫发、梳理和拉伸损伤对头发角蛋白的影响

目的为法医物证学中的头发个人识别提供依据。方法采用烫发、梳理、拉伸等方式对正常人头发进行损伤处理,用十二烷基磺酸钠-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶梯度电泳(SDS-PAGGE)和激光光密度扫描仪对损伤头发角蛋白进行分析。结果三种损伤条件均可导致头发损伤,造成分子量(MW)67000～43000区域头发角蛋白的丢失。结论头发角蛋白的丢失程度随着损伤程度增加而增加。     

220例鼓膜穿孔性质分析

通过对 220例鼓膜穿孔鉴定的回顾,得出外伤鼓膜穿孔与炎性鼓膜穿孔在性别、年龄、耳别、穿孔形状、部位、大小、听力丧失程度、愈合时间、穿孔原因以及附着物上均具有显著性或极显著性差异 ,且这种差异与其穿孔机制有很大相关性;在比较分析基础上还提出了两种穿孔的鉴别要点,这对于临床法医检案具有较好的参考价值。     

补体C_5在心肌梗死死后诊断的特异性研究

为了探讨补体 C5在心肌梗死死后诊断的特异性,应用免疫组织化学和图像分析技术 ,对正常心脏、心肌梗死及其它非梗死性的引起直接或间接心脏损害的情况如心肌炎、窒息、电击死、出血性休克、心挫伤、有机磷中毒等心肌细胞内 C5的变化进行研究。结果发现： C5仅在心肌梗死与心肌炎病例出现阳性反应,其阳性反应面积同正常对照组存在显著性差异,在窒息、电击死、出血性休克、心挫伤、有机磷中毒等病例未见明显阳性反应。因此 C5作为心肌梗死死后诊断指标仅受心肌炎的影响,对诊断心肌梗死具有较好的特异性。     

A preliminary study on the changes of expression of PDGF-beta,PDGFR-beta,TGF-beta 1, TGFR,bFGF and its relationship with the wound age in wound healing

OBJECTIVE: To explore the relationship between the expression change of cytokines and the wound age during the healing process of rats skin wound. METHODS: Immunohistochemical and image-analysis methods were performed on vital skin wounds(after incision 0.5-168 h am) and postmortem damage(after incision 0.5-6 h pm). RESULTS: The expression of the cytokines PDGF-beta, PDGFR-beta, TGF-beta 1, and bFGF in the epithelial cells was already enhanced since 0.5 h am after damage and their strongest expression reaction was seen at 24-96 h am. In addition, the expression of PDGF-beta, PDGFR-beta, TGF-beta 1 and bFGF was also found in the macrophages and the fibroblasts of the granulation tissue, and the expression changes in the postmortem damage group showed that the skin tissue within 0.5-3 h after incision showed immunohistochemical changes but weakly expression and 3 h thereafter no any change was found. CONCLUSION: The expression characteristics of the above mentioned cytokines in wound repair should be related to the wound age and it reminds therefore that they may be used as immunohistochemical criteria for accurate determining the wound age.     

海洛因成瘾者神经、内分泌及免疫系统超微病理变化研究

目的 研究海洛因成瘾者中枢神经、内分泌、免疫及生殖系统的超微结构变化。方法 应用透射电镜技术对 4例海洛因成瘾者中枢神经系统、内分泌系统、免疫系统以及生殖系统进行了观察。结果 神经系统表现为线粒体肿胀、嵴断裂、空泡变、内质网扩张、神经纤维数量减少、细胞器减少;免疫系统表现为淋巴细胞数量减少,胞浆成分减少,死亡细胞增多;内分泌系统表现为线粒体扩张,局部嵴断裂,内质网扩张;生殖系统表现为男性生精细胞减少,细胞器减少。女性未见卵泡结构。结论 海洛因滥用者的亚细胞超微结构呈急、慢性缺氧性变性、坏死改变。     

Examination of Y-STR mutations in sex chromosomal abnormality in forensic cases

The Y-STR typing was carried out on eight DNA samples (three from criminal cases) demonstrating Klinefelter's syndrome. STR types in the X chromosome were randomly distributed. However, some Y-STR markers were distributed within the normal range but restricted to only one or two specific alleles, that is, some specific haplotypes were found in Klinefelter's syndrome. In addition, a single nucleotide polymorphism in DYS390 (transversion of G to A at the 28th position downstream of tandem repeats) was detected in Klinefelter samples. This Y-STR polymorphism and restricted Y-STR alleles in Klinefelter's syndrome is not known, but it might be related to the genesis of Klinefelter's syndrome. We also found that extended standard haplotypes of these samples are extremely rare in the normal population, according to the Y-STR haplotype reference database (YHRD). The extended standard haplotype database in a Japanese population is also reported. In 100 unrelated Japanese, 89 haplotypes were observed, and the haplotype diversity was calculated to be 0.9866.     

Allele sequences of six new Y-STR loci and haplotypes in the Chinese Han population

Human chromosome Y-specific short tandem repeat (Y-specific STR) markers have useful properties for forensic applications. However, there is a need to develop more Y-specific STR markers, because the discriminating power of each STR locus is limited. In the present study, we describe our results on six new Y-specific STR markers that were initially located using sequence database information by Ayub et al. and were named DYS434, DYS435, DYS436, DYS437, DYS438 and DYS439. Our studies focused on the analysis of the DNA sequence for each allele at all six Y-specific STR loci in order to understand their structures in the human genome and to construct human allelic ladders, which are necessary for forensic DNA typing. In addition, the haplotype distribution for all six analyzed loci was studied in a Chinese Han population sample. The results indicate that DYS434, DYS435, DYS436, DYS437, DYS438 and DYS439 are useful Y-specific STR markers for forensic sciences.