Restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of forensic science casework in the People's Republic of China.

Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis for the purpose of individualization is now being used in casework in the People's Republic of China. This report describes the use of the multilocus minisatellite probe 33.15 to solve three cases, including two homicides and a rape. In the third case, fetal tissue was analyzed to prove that the alleged rapist was, in fact, the father. In each case, analysis of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) resulted in a positive match. The probability of chance association of the DNA fingerprint was calculated as 5.6 x 10(-12), which is similar to the figures reported in the literature.     

A LOG‐MULTIPLICATIVE ASSOCIATION MODEL FOR ALLOCATING HOMICIDES WITH UNKNOWN VICTIM‐OFFENDER RELATIONSHIPS*

This research note critically evaluates conventional methods for allocating homicides with an unknown victim/offender relationship to meaningful categories, and it proposes an alternative approach. We argue that conventional methods are based on a problematic assumption, namely, that the missing data mechanism is “ignorable.” As an alternative to these methods, we propose an imputation algorithm derived from a log‐multiplicative model that does not require this assumption. We apply this technique to estimate levels of homicides disaggregated by victim/offender relationship using the Federal Bureau of Investigation's Supplementary Homicide Report (SHR) data for 1996 and 1997, and we compare the resulting estimates with those obtained from the application of conventional procedures. Our results yield a larger proportion of stranger homicides than are obtained from the conventional methods.     

大鼠液压冲击脑损伤TGF-β1及其受体TβR I的表达

目的观察脑损伤后TGF-β1及其受体TβRI蛋白表达及其时序性变化,探讨脑损伤的分子机制及法医学脑损伤时间推断。方法用免疫组织化学方法观察大鼠液压冲击脑损伤后TGF-β1及其受体TβRI蛋白在伤后不同时间(30 min、1 h、3 h、6 h、12 h、1 d、3 d、7 d)的表达情况,以正常大鼠及手术大鼠作为对照。结果 (1)正常及手术对照组大鼠脑组织内有低水平的TGF-β1及TβRI表达;(2)脑损伤后1～3d,大脑皮质和脑干TGF-β1/TβRI蛋白表达逐渐增加,7 d时仍维持在高表达水平;(3)海马冲击后12 h～1 d逐渐增加,3 d时仍处于高表达水平,7 d时已开始下降。结论脑损伤可诱导TGF-β1/TβRI基因在脑内表达,其时序性改变可望用于法医学脑损伤时间推断。     

高等院校扩大招生后引起的思考

本文就高等学校扩大招生后在社会上和高校内部引起的反响,进行了深入分析和探讨,指出关键是如何处理好数量增加与质量提高,规模扩大与结构合理等一系列问题,使中国的高等教育早日步入大众化教育阶段。     

寻衅滋事罪几个问题探究

寻衅滋事罪与其他有关联犯罪所不同的一个显著特征是基于流氓动机而产生的主观随意性、任意性和肆意性 ,其本质是无事生非。在司法实践中 ,认定“事”的有无要考虑被害人的过错情况以及社会观念。行为人实施了本罪四种行为中的三种或两种 ,但每种行为又未达到情节严重的条件 ,是否构成本罪要遵循罪刑法定原则。本罪与故意伤害罪、故意杀人罪在故意的内容上具有复合性和竞合性 ,视情形不同 ,或是无论本罪转化为后两罪 ,还是本罪与后两罪系竞合关系 ,最终以后两罪论处。     

专利实用性要件的国际协调研究

专利实用性要件是当前《实质性专利法条约》签订中的争论焦点之一。在此问题上,欧洲、美国等分别坚持自己的Industrial Applicability(工业应用性)标准与Utility(实用性)标准,二者存在竞合,更有实质的差异与分歧,各自的演变及二者的协调反映了专利制度作为商业竞争手段的工具性的一面,也体现了实用性要件作为专利权人、产业集团与社会公众利益平衡的调节因素的一面。最后的协调结果可能会是欧、美工业应用性/实用性标准的某种妥协与折中。我国对该问题应加紧研究、积极参与,在专利制度国际化协调进程中寻求对我国最为有利的结果。