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141.
Benjamin W. Cramer∗ 《Communication Law & Policy》2013,18(1):73-103
Citizen access to government-held information and the amelioration of environmental problems are considered statutory matters in the United States, but at the international level these are seen as fundamental human rights. In recent years two categories of human rights demanded by activists, the right to government information and the right to environmental protection, have converged into a new human right—the right to government information about the environment. The 1998 Aarhus Convention, binding in more than forty nations in Europe and Central Asia, is the first multilateral treaty to specifically denote a human right to government information about the environment. While the Aarhus Convention has some untested procedural difficulties and laborious bureaucratic requirements, the treaty can serve as a model for the world's nations at large, because citizen oversight of government actions toward the natural world is a powerful tool for those concerned about both the environment and government transparency. 相似文献
142.
The Power of Secrecy and the Secrecy of Power: FACA and the National Energy Policy Development Group
Benjamin W. Cramer 《Communication Law & Policy》2013,18(2):183-230
One of President George W. Bush's first official acts was to charter an advisory committee that would make recommendations for a new American energy policy. While the National Energy Policy Development Group was officially made up only of government employees, journalists and watchdogs suspected that the committee was inappropriately meeting with representatives of energy firms. Two citizens' groups brought suit under the Federal Advisory Committee Act (FACA) to unveil the secrecy surrounding the National Energy Policy Development Group and its policymaking processes. The ensuing court battle revealed the weaknesses of FACA and its paradoxical use by the Bush Administration in continuing the very same government secrecy that the act is intended to prevent. This article examines a particular case of secrecy in the Bush Administration—the formulation of energy policy by Dick Cheney's energy task force—with an analysis of the known activities of the group and the history of citizen challenges to its secrecy. The article then considers the effectiveness, or ineffectiveness, of the Federal Advisory Committee Act as a safeguard against government secrecy. 相似文献
143.
Policy Sciences - Regulation of rapidly developing changing policy areas is a well-known challenge for any government. It can involve balancing factors from elite factional politics to development... 相似文献
144.
As we approach the tenth anniversary of the passage of the Affordable Care Act, it is important to reflect on what has been learned about the impacts of this major reform. In this paper, we review the literature on the impacts of the ACA on patients, providers, and the economy. We find strong evidence that the ACA's provisions have increased insurance coverage. There is also a clearly positive effect on access to and consumption of health care, with suggestive but more limited evidence on improved health outcomes. There is no evidence of significant reductions in provider access, changes in labor supply, or increased budgetary pressures on state governments, and the law's total federal cost through 2018 has been less than predicted. We conclude by describing key policy implications and future areas for research. 相似文献
145.
Political Behavior - The ability to cooperate with others, both individuals and institutions, is an essential social function built on trust. We explore the competing religious logics that shape... 相似文献
146.
Political Behavior - Scholarship in the U.S. provides mounting evidence of a linkage between economic inequality and inequality in representation and policymaking. In response, this article... 相似文献
147.
148.
This paper examines the role of the federal government in shaping the relationship between academics scientists and industry.
There exists a potential conflict between government policies encouraging collaboration within academia and the policies encouraging
collaboration between academia and industry. To test and model these potential conflicts, this paper uses data collected in
a 2004–2005 survey by the Research Valuing Mapping Project (a project based at Georgia Tech and led by Barry Bozeman) of more
than 2000 academically based research scientists and engineers. The major finding in this paper shows that academic scientists
working with industry collaborate more (with all types of collaborators) than those that do not collaborate with industry.
However, when examining only those scientist that collaborate with industry, the results reveal a negative relationship between
the amount of time spent collaborating with industry and the number of collaborators; implying that increasing collaboration
with industry leads to less academic–academic collaboration. 相似文献
149.
Despite a large literature on voter turnout around the world, our understanding of the role of labor union membership remains muddled. In this paper, we examine the relationship between union membership and voting. Using individual level International Social Science Program (ISSP) data from thirty-two countries, we find that union members are more likely to vote and that the substantive effect rivals that of other common predictors of voting. This relationship is also largely invariant across an array of demographic factors, indicating that unions tend to be “equal opportunity mobilizers.” We also find that unions have “spillover” effects: controlling for a variety of other factors, even non-union members are more likely to turn out to vote in countries with higher union densities. In sum, we find that labor unions have a consistent political influence across a wide set of countries. 相似文献
150.
We use an experiment built into a series of surveys of Iowa voters during the 2008 Iowa Caucus campaign to test the effect
of differing group framing labels on immigration policy preferences. We find that certain framing labels matter, but only
among Republican partisans for whom the immigration issue is important. We also find that issue importance produces more conservative
policy preferences for Democrats as well as Republicans. We examine and discuss these results as well as their implications
for the immigration debate, the interaction between issue salience and policy preferences, and the theory of political framing
in general. 相似文献