Unsuspected central nervous system gummas in a case of "cerebral infarct" associated with cocaine use

A 54-year-old African-American male was hospitalized with a left "cerebrovascular accident," altered mental status, agitation, rhabdomyolysis, and hypernatremia. Laboratory tests found cocaine in his system and a positive RPR (rapid plasmin reagin test). A CAT (computed axial tomography) scan without contrast taken 8 days prior to his death showed a left middle cerebral artery infarct, with edema and mass effect, and a 1-cm midline shift to the right. He underwent symptomatic treatment, eventually suffered cardiopulmonary arrest and multiorgan failure, and expired 8 days after admission. The left cerebral lesion diagnosed clinically as a cerebral infarct was actually determined to be a syphilitic gumma on postmortem neuropathologic examination. Neurosyphilis, although rare, should be considered in the differential diagnosis of space-occupying lesions in the brain because cases of syphilis continue to occur both sporadically and as an opportunistic infection associated with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and because neurosyphilis is treatable.     

解读《治安管理处罚法》中的治安调解

《治安管理处罚法》对治安调解作出了新的规定,如何正确理解该规定,如情节轻重的判断、民事赔偿的解决、何谓打架斗殴等,是公安机关适用治安调解必须要明确的关键问题。     

From Iron Bowl to Iron Stomach

A few decades ago, Iron Bowl referred to not having to go hungry in China if you were employed by the Agovernment. The government gave you a job that secured the filling of one's rice bowl. This concept and practice did create loyalty, as the times were hard. China has moved far past those times to become the     

The politics of indigenous land rights Brazil

Brazilian indigenous rights policy has been exclusionary. As a result indigenous people and their supporters have mobilised and politicised indigenous issues. Politicisation led to inclusion of indigenous rights in the 1988 Constitution. Nevertheless, evidence suggests that this process led to a retrenchment of interests opposed to indigenous rights. This analysis compares the asymmetric access to the policy‐formation process granted to political and economic interests and indigenous people. The argument is that democratisation has yet to open the policy‐making process to disenfranchised groups such as indigenous people. To illustrate the argument evidence of setbacks to indigenous land rights is examined.