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251.
Denisova OP Kul'bitskiĭ BN Putintsev VA Bogomolova IN Bogomolov DV 《Sudebno-meditsinskaia ekspertiza》2012,55(2):46-49
The authors report the results of a forensic medical investigation of 6 cases of death associated with the administration of pharmaceutical products documented by forensic medical experts of the Russian Centre of Forensic Medical Expertise. The results of the study are compared with the clinical data and summarized using the methods of tanatogenetic analysis. The following main clinical variants of iatrogenic anaphylactic shock (IAS) are distinguished: bronchospastic IAS (n = 1), asphyxic IAS (n = 1), hemodynamic IAS (n = 3), and combined (bronchospastic plus hemodynamic) IAS (n = 1). The signs of all these variants are described allowing for their diagnostics and differentiation diagnostics. These data can be used for the purpose of forensic medical diagnostics and elucidation of the mechanisms of tanatogenesis. 相似文献
252.
The quantitative criteria for biometric ranging of destroyed corpses in terms of anatomical localization, gender, longitudinal length, trunk circumference, and the folds of subcutaneous fat are proposed. The wealth of anthropometric materials obtained in the studies of various Caucasoid populations was used to calculate the normative tables for biometric ranging of the decomposed corpses. The proposed technology excludes the subjective assessments for the purpose of such classification at the sites of catastrophes. Moreover, it promotes the accumulation of the variety of valuable information, such as the size of the collar, headwear, and footwear, clothing size and height, and portrait features, that can be used for victim identification. 相似文献
253.
Dmitrieva OA Khol'ter EA Goncharenko DV Smirnova EV 《Sudebno-meditsinskaia ekspertiza》2012,55(1):56-58
The authors analyzed the results of the forensic medical expertise of the cases of sexual assaults and covert sexual abuse. Special attention is given to the peculiarities of forensic-medical expertise in the cases of veneral diseases and HIV-infection, injuries to sexual organs in women and men. The specific approaches to the examination of corpses in the cases of atypical sexual behavior or a murder supposedly committed for sexual motives are considered. 相似文献
254.
Vertus Saint‐Louis Ph.D. Jensen O. Auguste B.S. Bruce A. Jackson Ph.D. 《Journal of forensic sciences》2012,57(6):1457-1466
Abstract: Very little genetic data exist on Haitians, an estimated 1.2 million of whom, not including illegal immigrants, reside in the United States. The absence of genetic data on a population of this size reduces the discriminatory power of criminal and missing‐person DNA databases in the United States and Caribbean. We present a forensic population study that provides the first genetic data set for Haiti. This study uses hypervariable segment one (HVS‐1) mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) nucleotide sequences from 291 subjects primarily from rural areas of northern and southern Haiti, where admixture would be minimal. Our results showed that the African maternal genetic component of Haitians had slightly higher West‐Central African admixture than African‐Americans and Dominicans, but considerably less than Afro‐Brazilians. These results lay the foundation for further forensic genetics studies in the Haitian population and serve as a model for forensic mtDNA identification of individuals in other isolated or rural communities. 相似文献
255.
Bennet Omalu M.D. M.B.A. M.P.H. C.P.E. Jennifer Hammers D.O. Todd Luckasevic D.O. 《Journal of forensic sciences》2012,57(6):1665-1668
Abstract: We present the forensic neuropathologic analysis of an exhumed decomposed brain following long‐term interment in a 50‐year‐old white woman, who had been buried for 34 months. Next of kin authorized exhumation of the body for an autopsy to determine the cause of death. The embalmed body was anatomically intact and revealed decompositional changes with mold colonies. Internal viscera showed intact histomorphology. The brain revealed diffuse congestive swelling and extracellular edema with dissecting parenchymal hemorrhage and hematoma originating from the left putamen and thalamus and extending to the left lateral ventricle. Excitotoxic neuronal injury as well as penumbric parenchymal changes was noted. Cause of death was determined to be a hypertensive cerebral parenchymal hemorrhage. This case and our previously reported case are sentinel cases, which should encourage and guide the forensic neuropathologic work‐up and investigation of causes of death in spite of long‐term burial in deep graves. 相似文献
256.
Burraston BO Cherrington DJ Bahr SJ 《International journal of offender therapy and comparative criminology》2012,56(1):61-80
The purpose of this research was to evaluate the effects of a cognitive training and cell phone intervention on the recidivism of 70 juvenile offenders. Median days to rearrest were 106 for the control group, 191 for the class-only group, and 278 for the class plus cell phone group. Using rearrest as the survival criterion, the survival ratios of the class-only and class plus cell phone groups were 2.64 and 2.94 times longer than the control group, respectively. After controlling for gender, prior arrests, and risk score, the Poisson regression indicated that the class-only and class plus cell phone groups were 51% lower in total arrests than the control group. These results suggest that cognitive training supplemented with a cell phone coach is an effective and cost-efficient intervention for reducing recidivism. 相似文献
257.
The University of Tennessee Anthropology Research Facility (ARF) is known for its unique contribution to forensic science as a site of human decomposition research. Studies conducted at ARF are integral in our understanding of the processes of human decomposition. As such, the authors are interested in the long-term effects of continuous human decomposition on the soil environment. Soil samples collected from within and outside the ARF were evaluated for moisture content, pH, organic content, total carbon and nitrogen content, and biomass by lipid-bound phosphorus, and total extracted DNA. Analyses revealed no significant differences (p<0.05) among the sampled areas within the facility, and yet demonstrated a possible trend toward increased levels of total N, Lipid-P, and water, suggesting an influx of high-quality nutrients into the ARF soil. Furthermore, elevated pH readings, presumably resulting from ammonification of the soil, were observed in areas of high decomposition. The negative control samples proved significantly different from nearly all samples collected within the facility, the exceptions being total carbon content and extractable DNA. These findings indicate that while landscape samples inside may be similar to themselves, they are dissimilar to those taken in a similar temperate forest biome with no recorded history of human decomposition. 相似文献
258.
Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), discriminate analysis, X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF), and stereoscopic microscopy were used to separate black coral forensic evidence items from similarly appearing items manufactured from plastics, bovid keratin, and mangrove wood. In addition, novel observations were made of bromine and iodine relationships in black coral that have not been previously reported. 相似文献
259.
Margaret P. O’Mara 《The Journal of Technology Transfer》2012,37(2):234-250
University-driven land development and research into the amelioration of social problems are examples of the wider dimensions
of economic engagement by large American research universities in metropolitan settings since 1949, and both dimensions are
strongly conditioned by the experiences of universities and surrounding neighborhoods during the “urban crisis” of the 1960s.
The rise of the modern American research university between 1950 and 1980 coincided with the economic decline of large American
cities and the slide of their poorest neighborhoods into severe socioeconomic distress. The elite identification of the university
as a force for economic and social change was a direct response to these urban upheavals, and the dynamics of its new role
were fueled by the presumptions of postwar consensus liberalism. The urban crisis had an effect on town-gown relations that
endured into the early twenty-first century, not least because it made local governments and universities allies rather than
adversaries. Countering definitions of the role the university should take in economic development have arisen from a “town”
comprised not of elected officials, but of community members from both within and outside of the university. The long shadow
of urban crisis attests to the historical contingency of town-gown interactions and the usefulness of historical, case-based
approaches to understanding the role of universities in urban and metropolitan economies. 相似文献
260.
David O. Brink 《Ratio juris》2012,25(4):496-512
This article examines whether a retributivist conception of punishment implies legal moralism and asks what liberalism implies about retributivism and moralism. It makes a case for accepting the weak retributivist thesis that culpable wrongdoing creates a pro tanto case for blame and punishment and the weak moralist claim that moral wrongdoing creates a pro tanto case for legal regulation. This weak moralist claim is compatible with the liberal claim that the legal enforcement of morality is rarely all‐thing‐considered desirable. Though weak moralism has some plausibility, it does not follow from weak retributivism if legitimate state functions are limited in certain ways. 相似文献