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John P. Crank 《Crime, Law and Social Change》2003,39(1):39-67
This concept paper presents a theory of environmental scarcity developed byHomer-Dixon. Homer-Dixon developed a model to describe the consequences of scarcity for sub-national violence in third world countries. This paper hasfour interrelated purposes. First, it presents the model of scarcity developedby Thomas Homer-Dixon in 1999. Second, it assesses the way in which the scarcity model contextualizes criminal justice and criminology research, andby extension, how research in crime and justice processes can broaden the scarcity model. Third, it applies elements of the model to the United States,a goal that represents a generalization of the model from third-world to first-world settings. Fourth, it presents a particular case, the migrationof African-Americans from the rural South to urban centers in the 1950s and1960s and consequent inner-city violence in the 1960s, that displays manyelements of the environmental scarcity model. 相似文献
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The adjustment problems associated with sexual abuse, physical abuse, psychological maltreatment, neglect, and witnessing family violence during childhood were examined in three studies. Study 1 demonstrated significant overlap between maltreatment types in parent reports (N = 50) of maltreatment experiences of their child aged 5–12 years. Parental sexual punitiveness, traditionality, family adaptability and family cohesion significantly predicted scores on 4 maltreatment scales and children's externalizing behavior problems. Level of maltreatment predicted internalizing, externalizing, and sexual behavior problems. In Study 2, significant overlap was found between adults' retrospective reports (N = 138) of all 5 types of maltreating behaviors. Parental sexual punitiveness, traditionality, family adaptability, and family cohesion during childhood predicted the level of maltreatment and current psychopathology. Although child maltreatment scores predicted psychopathology, childhood family variables were better predictors of adjustment. Study 3 demonstrated that child maltreatment scores predicted positive aspects of adult adaptive functioning (N = 95). 相似文献
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While the concepts of race and ethnicity have been abused historically, they are potentially invaluable in epidemiology and public health. Epidemiology relies upon variables that help differentiate populations by health status, thereby refining public health and health care policy, and offering insights for medical science. Race and ethnicity are powerful tools for doing this. The prerequisite for their responsible use is a society committed to reducing inequalities and inequities in health status. When this condition is met, it is irresponsible not to utilize these concepts. 相似文献
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组织犯是位于实行犯的背后,实施组织、领导、策划和指挥行为的幕后者,其对实行犯实现犯罪构成的全部要件具有“支配或控制”作用,因而具有正犯之性质;也正是这种“支配或控制”性要素的存在构成了组织犯承担刑事责任的正当性根据。鉴于我国立法和对组织犯承担刑事责任的依据及范围不明确,司法实践状况比较混乱,应以“支配或控制”要素的有无和“支配或控制”力的大小为根据,确定组织犯刑事责任范围和程度。 相似文献
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向阳 《中共成都市委党校学报》2002,(4):34-35
任何国家和地区的中小企业要得以健康的发展都离不开政府的支持和扶植。在市场经济条件下,作为承担宏观经济管理任务的政府对中小企业的支持,不是直接插手创办企业或干预企业的生产经营,而是从本国或本地区的实际出发,逐步建立和形成有利于中小企业健康发展的政策体系。本文从成都的实际出发,从加大对成都中小企业政策扶持力度的角度,提出了一些建议和意见。 相似文献
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Acute myoglobinuria as a fatal complication of heroin addiction 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Y F Chan P K Wong T C Chow 《The American journal of forensic medicine and pathology》1990,11(2):160-164
A fatal case of myoglobinuria complicating heroin addiction is described. Clinically the patient had no overt symptoms of rhabdomyolysis. Pathologists should be alerted to this rare complication in heroin addicts who die of no apparent cause. The antimyoglobin immunoperoxidase technique is useful in confirming the diagnosis. 相似文献
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The conventional wisdom in criminology is that adult onset of offending is a rare event. Closer examination of the extant literature that use official records, however, reveals that an average of 50 percent of adult offenders initiate offending at age eighteen or older. Although criminological research has investigated late onset offending in adolescence, there is little research on adult onset offending and the correlates of adult offending. Using police contact and interview data from the 1942 and 1949 birth cohort data from Racine, WI, this study investigated the correlates of crime for adult onset and persistent offenders. The results show that employment is the only correlate to affect the probability of adult offending differently for previously delinquent and nondelinquent offenders. This article concludes by highlighting the neglect of research on adult offenders, specifically the large percentage of adult onset offenders, and calling for more research on this topic. 相似文献
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轻型颅脑损伤ABR的纵向研究 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
目的 探索轻型颅脑损伤的电生理学指标 ,为早期临床诊断和预后判断以及法医学活体伤害鉴定提供依据。 方法 对相关病例进行脑干诱发电位 (ABR)的动态观察 ,并对结果进行统计学分析。 结果 6 0例轻型颅脑损伤患者伤后 48小时ABR的检测 ,显示主要异常表现为I-III峰间潜伏期的延长 ,说明此类损伤可造成脑干的功能紊乱。同时通过对其中 40例进行ABR追踪检测 ,结果显示大部分患者受伤三个月后脑功能状态恢复正常。 结论 轻型颅脑损伤ABR变化具有一定的特征 ,提示可作为早期临床诊断和预后判断以及法医学活体伤害鉴定的客观依据 ,应引起关注并展开进一步研究。 相似文献