Juvenile Accountability and the Specific Deterrent Effects of Short‐Term Confinement

To assess the specific deterrent (“teaching a lesson”) and normative validation effects of confinement, the intake histories of a random sample of youths (n=87) confined in a local detention facility were analyzed to determine if the amount of the immediately previous confinement or the total amount of confinement experienced affects the amount of time until the next system intake. No statistically significant relationships were found for any of the intakes, up through eight intakes. The findings, however, demonstrate that a non‐graduated approach to imposition of punishment that did not adequately emphasize individual accountability was not an effective deterrent for the more recalcitrant youths included in this study. Theoretical and policy implications of the findings are discussed.     

DAYS OF 1939 AND 1941

Hitler's decree on Bohemia and Moravia was read over the radio by Foreign Minister Joachim von Ribbentrop in midmorning of 16 March 1939. (Czech president Emil Hácha heard the proclamation in his room in the castle.) Hitler appeared on a balcony of some building for a moment to greet jubilant Germans; inspected, in the castle courtyard, a group of Nazi students (in their role as victims of Czech terror); briefly received members of the Czech government and President Hácha in audience; and was gone again immediately. Magic Prague did not attract the Führer; he slept over in the Sudetenland and the next day went by way of Olomouc and Brno to Vienna, where he took lodgings at the Hotel Imperial and announced two appointments: Konstantin Freiherr von Neurath became Reichsprotektor of Bohemia and Moravia, and K. H. Frank, his second‐in‐command, secretary of state.     

EVALUATION OF THE PAINT CREEK YOUTH CENTER: A RESIDENTIAL PROGRAM FOR SERIOUS DELINQUENTS*

A classic experimental design was used to determine whether youths assigned to a small experimental program, designed to offer a comprehensive and highly structured array of intervention services and activities, actually received significantly different treatment, and performed better, than control youths assigned to traditional training schools. Interviews with staff and youths suggest that the experimental program did deliver significantly more treatment services. One-year follow-up data showed no significant differences in arrests or self-reported delinquency between experimental and control groups, although those who completed the experimental program performed significantly better than those who were removed for disciplinary reasons.     

Compliance Motivations: Perspectives of Farmers,Homebuilders, and Marine Facilities*

This paper addresses the role of differing regulatory contexts in shaping compliance motivations. These are examined for farmers and environmental regulation in Denmark, homebuilders and building safety in the United States, and marine facilities and water quality in the United States. The findings show that the influence of different regulatory practices and the relevance of normative and social considerations differ among these regulatory contexts. This calls attention to the need for more research on the interplay of regulatory arrangements and contexts in shaping motivations for regulatory compliance.