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Violations of human rights and genocide in Burundi are among the most contentious issues which continue to attract the attention of academic discourse. This paper is concerned with the question of human rights violations in Burundi from a historical and comparative perspective. It seeks to trace the root causes of Burundi's sullied human rights record over 52 years since independence from Belgium in 1962, the role of the military in human rights violations, including mass killings of civilians and extra-judicial executions of political opponents and the fact that the post- conflict constitutional architecture has not succeeded in establishing accountability and responsibility for these violations; in providing truth, justice and reparations to the victims and in putting an end to the culture of impunity which seems to be entrenched in Burundian society. Moreover, by analyzing critically the results from interviewing 113 Burundians and 16 non-Burundians, this paper argues that there will be no political stability enduring peace without addressing these issues in a comprehensive manner. 相似文献
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MASSIMO LA TORRE 《Ratio juris》1993,6(2):190-201
Abstract
The author deals with the legal theoretical approach that has been labelled "legal institutionalism." An old and a new version of this approach are singled out: The old one is identified with the theory defended by the Italian public lawyer Santi Romano in the first half of this century; the second one is seen in the recent work by Ota Weinberger and Neil MacCormick. After a short presentation of Romano's work, his ideas and the development proposed by MacCormick and Weinberger are compared. Similarities and differences between the two versions of institutional theory are worked out. A coda hints at an ambiguity in the definition of institution proposed by the "new" institutionalism. 相似文献
The author deals with the legal theoretical approach that has been labelled "legal institutionalism." An old and a new version of this approach are singled out: The old one is identified with the theory defended by the Italian public lawyer Santi Romano in the first half of this century; the second one is seen in the recent work by Ota Weinberger and Neil MacCormick. After a short presentation of Romano's work, his ideas and the development proposed by MacCormick and Weinberger are compared. Similarities and differences between the two versions of institutional theory are worked out. A coda hints at an ambiguity in the definition of institution proposed by the "new" institutionalism. 相似文献
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A polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method for sex and species determination with novel controls for deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) template length. 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
R E Gaensslen K M Berka D A Grosso G Ruano E M Pagliaro D Messina H C Lee 《Journal of forensic sciences》1992,37(1):6-20
Human X and Y chromosome alpha-satellite sequences lying within higher order repeats were amplified by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in genomic deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) isolated from blood, bone, and several other tissues and specimens of potential forensic science interest. X and Y sequences could be coamplified under some of the PCR conditions employed. Monomorphic sequences in the 3'-apolipoprotein B gene (designated "H") and in an alpha-satellite higher order repeat on Chromosome 17 (p17H8, D17Z1) were likewise amplified in the specimens. X and Y sequence amplification can provide information about the sex of origin. Amplification of the X, H, and D17Z1 sequences was found to be primate-specific among the common animals tested and can thus provide species of origin information about a specimen. The authors suggest that amplification of X and D17Z1 or H sequences might provide "relaxed" and "stringent" controls for appropriate PCR amplification tests on forensic science specimens. Testing was carried out using PCR protocols that employed Thermophilus aquaticus (Taq) and Thermus flavis (Replinase) thermostable DNA polymerases. 相似文献
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